查询词典 risk function

The dissertation begins with the investigation of the fruitful research on function of debt governance in developed countries such as UK, US, Japan and Germany, and attempts to fill some important gaps in our understanding of inefficient investment controlling function, bankruptcy threat function and function of creditor's participating in corporate governance; Second, Theoretical and empirical study is done on whether three functions of debt governance can work well in state-owned listed companies. The result shows that so far the function of debt governance can't work well as expected; Third, after examining the special institutional background of China, the dissertation argues, grounded on the research results, that the essential institutional reasons include creditors and debtors being "quasi" market participants, the "quasi-equal" debtor-creditor relationships and the "quasi" market rules; Finally, it comes to the conclusion that the fundamental methods to change the situation are to encourage the supervision of banks, to deepen the reform of state-owned companies and to fulfill the outside institutional requirements for guaranteeing the function of debt governance.

文章首先借鉴英美、日德等发达国家对债权治理功效的已有研究成果，总结归纳出负债抑制非效率投资功效、负债的破产威胁功效以及债权人直接介入公司治理功效；其次，分别对三大债权治理功效在我国国有控股上市公司中能否发挥作用进行理论解析和实证检验，研究发现，目前我国企业债权治理功效不能发挥应有的作用；再次，针对研究结论，从我国特有的制度背景出发，分析其症结，认为我国目前的债权债务双方的&准&市场主体、债权债务双方的&准&平等关系、&准&市场游戏规则是导致债权治理功效不能发挥作用的根本制度原因；最后，提出解决对策，认为增强银行的监督激励、深化国有企业的改革以及实现债权治理功效的外在制度要求是债权治理功效发挥作用的根本途径。

For a long-term stable Exchange Rate of RMB, the Commercial Banks are not only lack of a full understanding of Exchange Rate risk but are also lack of the essential experiences and skills to manage the Exchange Rate risk. Exchange Rate System reform makes domestic Commercial Banks face a great challenge of Exchange Rate risk. Adapting RMB Exchange Rate reform and managing Exchange Rate risk are the subjects that the domestic commercial banks must face.

长期稳定的人民币汇率使商业银行对汇率风险既缺少足够的了解和重视，也缺乏必要的外汇风险管理的经验和技能，汇率制度改革使我国商业银行开始真正面临汇率风险的考验，尽快适应人民币汇率制度改革，应对汇率风险是我国商业银行面临的重要课题。

First, we discuss several theories of risk measures respectively such as theories ofcoherent measures of risk, spectral measures of risk and distortion measures of risk.Within the framework of these theories, we discuss and compare standard deviation,mean absolute deviation, lower partial moment, Ginis difference, VaR, CVaR and soon. We conclude that CVaR is superior to other measures with respect to theoreticalproperties.

首先，本文分别讨论了一致风险测度理论、谱风险测度理论、失真风险测度理论和随机占优一致风险测度理论等风险度量评价理论，在这些理论框架内讨论和比较了标准差、平均绝对离差、下偏位矩、基尼均差、VaR以及CVaR等风险度量。

The integrated risk between hydraulic, hydrologic uncertainty and the construction scheduling uncertainty should be analyzed. The paper puts forward the risk analysis model for the construction scheduling and the risk analysis model for construction diversion on the assumption that the construction scheduling is affirmable. Thus the Monte-Carlo method is used to simulate the integrated risk of construction diversion system considering hydraulic, hydrologic uncertainty and the construction scheduling uncertainty.

以风险分析为核心，将各种不确定性因素辐合起来研究施工导流系统的综合风险，提出施工进度计划风险分析模型和假定坝体施工进度确定条件下的施工导流风险分析模型，在此基础上，建立基于Monte-Carlo方法全面考虑水文水力不确定性以及施工进度不确定性的施工导流系统综合风险分析模型。

This article complies with the theory and the actual union principle, embarked from the agiotage to the negotiable securities operating unit's importance, elaborated carried on the recognition to the agiotage risk the necessity, pointed out in the agiotage development process several big quite remarkable risk points, the analysis present domestic risk management present situation and the existence question, proposed carries on the management to the agiotage risk the countermeasure measure.

本文遵从理论和实际结合的原则，从证券经纪业务对证券经营机构的重要性出发，阐述了对证券经纪业务风险进行识别的必要性，指出证券经纪业务开展过程中几大比较显著的风险点，分析目前国内风险管理的现状和存在的问题，提出了对证券经纪业务风险进行管理的对策措施。

Beginning with the general problem of the risk of real estate development and management this paper analyzes systematically and gives full details of the theories how the risk comes into being by using a certain of economic theories and some relevant subject knowledge and combining with the reality in China . After putting forward a series of method of risk assessment the paper advances how to aroid the risk of real estate development and management.

本文是从房地产开发经营风险的一般性问题入手，利用若干的经济理论，借助相关学科的理论知识，结合我国的实际情况，系统而详细地剖析了房地产开发经营风险生成的机理，提出了风险评估的一系列方法，最后提出了规避房地产开发经营风险的思路。

The CBRC allows commercial banks to implement the internal rating method by stages, however, when a commercial bank obtains the approval for using the internal rating method, its asset coverage ratio calculated according to the internal rating method (risk-weighted assets calculated according to the internal rating method)/(risk-weighted assets calculated according to the internal rating method + risk-weighted assets of other credit risk exposures calculated according to the revised capital supervisory provisions) shall not be lower than 50%, and it shall formulate the plan for the implementation of internal rating method by stages, so as to ensure that the asset coverage ratio reach 80% in three years.

银监会允许商业银行分阶段实施内部评级法，但在获得许可使用内部评级法时，采用内部评级法的资产覆盖率（按内部评级法计算的风险加权资产/［按内部评级法计算的风险加权资产＋按修订后资本监管规定计算的其他信用风险暴露的风险加权资产］）应不低于50％，并制定分阶段实施内部评级法规划，以保证3年内资产覆盖率达到80％。

This paper proponed a correlation and risk assessment approach to solve these problems, which exploited constructed security correlation model to compote real-dine risk for every security event (such as alert, operating system log record, and so on), and gave out new alerts for high risk events while discard low risk ones so as to reduce false positive and false negative rate.

提出了一种利用关联和风险评估的方法，利用构建的安全关联模型，计算出每个安全事件（如告警事件、系统安全日志记录等）的实时风险值，对风险值较高的事件给出新的警告，并摈弃那些风险值较低的事件，从而降低漏报和误报率。

Just about this letterpress analyze auditing risk from the definiens of auditing risk and the cause to be formed,and the different auditing model be used bring different auditing tisk.at last,on the basis of the influence factor of auditing risk and auditing model,letterpress bring forward the methods and measure on auditing risk .

本文正是基于此从审计风险的定义和形成原因入手来分析审计风险，以及由于审计模型应用的不同带来的审计风险也不同。最后根据影响审计风险的因素和审计模型来提出防范审计风险的方法和措施。

The financial risk has concentrated not merely in some company one country and area along with world economics unceasing development. With the risk diffusibility, a non- systematic risk can into a huge systematic risk.

随着世界经济的不断发展，金融风险已不仅仅集中在某一个公司或行业、国家和地区，风险扩散和集聚的增强使得以往所认为的一个非系统性风险可能会演变成一个影响巨大的系统性风险。

We have limited budget let me know if you can do this competitively.

我们有限的预算让我知道如果你能做到这一点竞争力。

We don't know how other critters breathe--lizards, for example.

我们还不知道诸如蜥蜴之类的动物如何呼吸。