查询词典 refractory

Glioma is still one of refractory disease in the neurosurgical field; the development of new primary and adjuvant treatment is vital. Recently, the gene therapy of glioma is developed rapidly and there are many methods about the gene therapy that include: suicide gene therapy, immunologic gene therapy, drug resistangce gene therapy, angiostatin gene therapy and so on. The sucide gene therapy is the most potential approach of antitumer, these nonmammalian genes encode enzyme that convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metablites. Cells transfected with suicide genes are targeted for specific negative selection, witch can be induced by administrtion of the corresponding produg. Among the enzyme/produg combinations, two of the best characterized system are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase /ganciclovir and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase /5-flourocytosine (5-FC). The formor can convert the antiviral nucleoside analogs acyclovir , ganciclovir to their nucleoside monophosphate derivatives, the monophosphate forms are subsequently phosphorylated by endogenus cellular kinases to triphosphates, these molecules are potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

近年来脑胶质瘤的基因治疗发展迅速，应运而生的方法有自杀基因、免疫基因、多药耐药基因以及抗血管生成基因等，其中自杀基因被认为是最有前景的基因治疗方法，它又称病毒介导的酶／药物前体疗法，是利用转基因技术将哺乳动物细胞中所不含有的自杀基因转入到哺乳动物肿瘤细胞中，该基因表达的产物可将无毒的药物前体转化为毒性药物，从而选择性杀伤该肿瘤细胞，常用的自杀基因有单纯疱疹病毒-胸苷激酶基因和大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因，前者催化无毒性抗病毒核苷类似物如丙氧鸟苷、无环鸟苷等成为单磷酸核苷衍生物，然后在内源性细胞激酶作用下转化为具有明显毒性的三磷酸核苷，作为DNA合成链的终止剂和DNA合成酶的抑制剂，干扰细胞DNA的合成；后者编码的胞嘧啶脱氨酶可催化5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）脱氨成为5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU），然后代谢为有毒性的5-氟尿嘧啶-5′三磷酸（5-FUTP）和5-氟-2′脱氧尿嘧啶-5′磷酸（5-FdUTP），5-FUTP通过与UTP竞争性结合而抑制mRNA和tRNA的合成，5-FdUTP则作用于胸苷合成酶，导致TMP衰竭而阻止DNA的合成，最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

Methods Thirty-eight patients with drug refractory paroxysmal or persistent AF underwent circumferential pulmonary vein ostial isolation and were followed up to investigate the efficacy and safety of the treatment.

在EnSite NavX三维电生理系统指导下对38例药物治疗无效的阵发性或持续性房颤患者行环肺静脉导管消融，随访观察其疗效和安全性。

This minimally inasie procedure can be performed safely as an outpatient and should be the preferred treatment for medical refractory palmar hyperhidrosis.

这项微创技术可安全在门诊施行，可作为难治性手掌多汗症患者的首选治疗。

The theoretical analysis and the experimental results consistently show that, the oxidation of Si〓N〓-bonded SiC refractory adheres to the parabolical type rule of oxidation and the oxidation in the condition of actual BF operation is passive one.

在此基础上，综合SiC砖蚀损过程研究结果，阐述了炉墙传热过程与其蚀损的相互关系，进而探讨了高炉用Si〓N〓结合的SiC砖的适宜条件，提出了控制碱蚀、减轻热震破坏以及改善高炉用SiC质砖衬的使用效果的技术方向和途径。

Objective To evaluate influence of preoperative continuous paracentesis on liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites.

目的 评价术前穿刺置管持续腹水引流对拟行肝移植的肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者肝移植效果的影响。

ObjectiveTo evaluate influence of preoperative continuous paracentesis on liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites.

目的评价术前穿刺置管持续腹水引流对拟行肝移植的肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者的肝移植效果的影响。

Magnesia alumina spinel brick is based on high-purity magnesia and synthetic magnesia alumina spinel with major crystal phase of periclase and spinel. By intensively mixed, double-face pressed and fired at high temperature. Being completely chrome free, it is the ideal refractory for the transitional zone of cement kiln characterized by superior thermal shock resistance, good anti-erosion capacity, and lower thermal conductivity.

此次展会为您展出的水泥回转窑用镁铝尖晶石砖以高纯镁砂和合成镁铝尖晶石砂为主要原料，主晶相为方镁石和尖晶石，经过强力混练，双面加压，高温烧成等工艺制成，是水泥窑过渡带的标准耐火材料，具有无铬污染，热震稳定性好，耐磨损，抗侵蚀性强，热导率低等特点。

An hot simulation experiment has been made to investigate the process of forming mushroom above outlet of bottom bloving nozzel in combined blowing converter , and the relation between the temperatures of bottom bloving nozzel as well its peripheric refractory lining, and the temperature of hot metal as well the flowrate of bottoin blowing gas.

通过热态模拟试验，研究了复吹转炉底吹喷枪出口端生成蘑菇头的过程以及底吹喷枪温度、周围耐火材料内的温度与铁水温度、底吹气体流量之间的关系。

In this before-and-after trial in a community private practice setting with extensive experience in pilonidal disease, 31 patients with severe refractory pilonidal disease had undergone a total of 141 operations, with wounds still open for a combined total of 252 years.

这个在民间社区所进行有关潜毛症的临床试验中，参与的31位全是顽固性潜毛症患者，所有患者总共做过141次手术，伤口保持开放的时间总共也有252年，其中27人平均追踪时间长达20个月。

Two month after the treatment 58 out of 62 eyes (93.55%) being below 30 mmHg, and amongthem 47 eyes (75.81%) being under 20 mmHg, thai is, normal range. Conclusion 810 nm semiconductor infrared ray laser treated refractory glaucoma through TSCPC is a safely,effectively and pimply and thus,the patients are preferably to accept it.

810nm半导体红外线激光行TSCPC治疗难治性青光眼是一种安全有效，操作简单，易于掌握，患者乐于接受的治疗方法。

The quality of both red and white wine depends very much on the wine maker talent and on the quality of the grapes.

他的红酒和白酒的品质，根据酿造者的能力和葡萄的质量，各有差异。

No, I don't want to get drunk before my next match.

" "不，我不想让我的下一场比赛前喝醉了。