查询词典 raw and processed material

But at the same time of adopting " three-high rates "composition,we must control the technical quality in front of kiln,and intense quality control of raw firing material,decline granularity of raw material to ameliorate clinkerability of raw material,adopt the system of raw material quality control and use homogenization silo of raw material well to stabilize the quality of raw material,this method can create conditions for clinker burning,especially for implementing "three-high rates" composition.

但采用&三高&配方的同时，必须控制好窑前的工艺质量，加强原燃材料的质量控制，降低生料细度，努力改善生料易烧性，采用生料质量控制系统和用好生料均化库，稳定生料质量，为熟料的煅烧特别是&三高&配方的实施创造条件。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

The area is small to the highest ( conversion efficiency 13 - 15%, some have achieved more than 20%) of monocrystalline silicon solar energy cell conversion efficiency, and output power is big, and stability is good, grows ( generally can reach more than 20 years ) service life, but the raw and processed material cost height, the weak light specific property is wronger, and production technology is complicated, hence the selling price is also higher; The polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell is basic identical with the function characteristic of monocrystalline silicon solar energy cell; The conversion efficiency of non- brilliant silicon solar cell than hangs down ( simples about 6 - 8%), the area is than greatly, but because of his raw and processed material cost than hanging down, can be easy to big area industrialize production, what will have hope to be used the generally big area to generate electricity from now on most will be this kind of application that battery is along with manufacture technique and new material, in a single day the practical package photoelectricity conversion efficiency of its big area achieves more than the 10-15%, and the price of every tile electric power-generating equipment is fallen 1 - 2 U.S.dollar of time, and just is enough to that the solar energy cell efficiency that big area the getting extensive use will constantly replace in now convention certainly special use and the laboratory of sources of energy s will high get many.

单晶硅太阳能电池转换效率最高（转换效率13～15%，有的已达到20%以上），面积小，输出功率大，稳定性好，使用寿命长(一般可达20年以上)，但原材料成本较高，弱光特性较差，生产工艺复杂，故售价也较高；多晶硅太阳能电池与单晶硅太阳能电池的性能特点基本相同；非晶硅太阳能电池的转换效率较低（约6～8%左右），面积较大，但因其原材料成本较低，可便于大面积工业化生产，今后最有希望用于一般大面积发电的将是这种电池。随着制造技术和新材料的应用，一旦它的大面积实用组件光电转换效率达到10-15%以上，每瓦发电设备的价格降到1～2美元时，便足以大面积得到广泛应用并将不断取代现在常规能源。当然特殊用途和实验室中的太阳能电池效率要高得多。

It is equal to abandoned this part of material of nib lost and sharpens the saw-dust lost with the wooden pencil in fact, Because in 95%, the lead clothing pencil the raw materials utilization ratios of it material-saving the wrapping up core lead part removes the space of blind hole part of filling in backs end of pencil stub that are taken up of post of handle of pencil, The plumbaginous clothing material sharpens the saw-dust equivalent of material lost to consume with the wooden pencil basically, The pencil utilization ratio of raw materials produced with the timber is in 30-35%, a finished product pencil can only use two-thirds in using, Back one-third is abandoned, so the material-saving pencil is still pencil province of material-saving raw materials compared with wooden pencil.

被弃掉的笔头这部分材料实际上是与木制铅笔削掉的木屑是相等的，因为，节材铅笔它的原材料利用率在95%，铅衣包铅芯部分除去铅笔柄柱塞所占的铅笔头后端的盲孔部分的空间，铅衣材料基本和木制铅笔削铅衣削掉的木屑材料等量耗费的，而用木材生产铅笔的原材料利用率在30%-35%，一支成品铅笔在使用中只能使用三分之二，后三分之一被弃掉，所以节材铅笔与木制铅笔相对比还是节材铅笔节省原材料。

Characteristics of raw materials as a result of drug manufacturers to provide raw materials for drugs does not belong to the bulk of raw materials for drugs, so there did not enjoy the current round of big bull market of raw materials, but in appreciation of the RMB and the export tax rebate cut the process to bear the a certain degree of loss, but such enterprises in the raw material drug production enterprises in the highest degree of internationalization, and finished drug is also more closely linked, are most likely to transition to the finished drug business, and its development prospects in the raw materials the most promising enterprises.

原料特色的药物制造商的结果，为药物不属于毒品的原料大宗原材料，所以并没有享受到原材料大牛市本轮，但在人民币升值和出口退税降低的过程承担一定程度的损失，但在国际化程度最高的原料药生产企业，这类企业的成品药也更紧密联系的，最有可能过渡到成品药业务，并在最有前途的企业，原材料的发展前景。

At the same time liquid of raw material is sent to centrifugal atomizer at the top of dry chamber pumped by pump through filter. In which liquid of raw material atomizes small drops. Air and liquid of raw material flow and contact each other fully. The moisture vaporizes rapidly. Liquid of raw material is dried into finished product in a short time.

料液由料液槽经过滤器由泵送至干燥器顶部的离心雾化器，使料液喷成极小的物状液滴，料液和热空气并流接触，水份迅速蒸发，在极短的时间内干燥为成品。

At the same time liquid of raw material is sent to centrifugal atomizer at the top of dry chamber pumped by pump through filter.In which liquid of raw material atomizes small drops.Air and liquid of raw material flow and contact each other fully.The moisture vaporizes rapidly.Liquid of raw material is dried into finished product in a short time.

料液由料液槽经过滤器由泵送至干燥器顶部的离心雾化器，使料液喷成技校的雾状液滴，料液和热空气并流接触，水份迅速蒸发，在极短的时间内干燥为成品。

Plackett-Burman experimental design and the uniform experimental design were used to select the main factors of the ball milling pretreatment of corn stalk. The experimental results were analyzed by data processing software and well-fitted regression equation was established. Effects of ball milling parameters, such as raw material diameter, speed, ratio of raw materials, grinding media and alternating time, on the enzymolysis were analyzed. The optimal parameters of ball milling pretreatment of the corn stalk were as follows: particle size of raw material of 0.5 mm, speed of 340 r/min, the raw material content of 3.4 g, the number of ball of 15 (Ф= 10.0 mm), alternating running time of 5 min.

研究了玉米秸秆水解过程中球磨预处理工艺的优化，采用Plackett- Burman 试验设计和均匀试验设计法，用数据处理软件对试验结果进行分析，筛选出了球磨预处理过程中的主要影响因素，得到了具有较好拟合度的回归方程；通过分析原料粒径，转速，原料填装量，研磨介质，交替时间等球磨条件对酶解效率的影响，得出行星式球磨机粉碎玉米秸秆的最佳工艺参数为：原料粒径0.5 mm，转速340 r/min，原料填装量3.4 g，装球量15个（Ф=10.0 mm），交替运行时间5 min。

Product purpose:(1) calcium carbide (CaC2), organic synthesis of the basic raw materials, Cyanamid, chlor-alkali products, the main raw materials;(2) polyvinyl chloride, used for light industry, construction materials, agriculture, packaging, medicine , electronic equipment, cars, daily necessities;(3) caustic soda, used in paper making, leather processing and textiles;(4) hydrochloric acid, used in paper making, cleaning, rare earth, organic chemical raw materials, fuel , food leather, metallurgy and other industries;(5) lime nitrogen (CaCN2), used in the manufacture of containers of cyanide, cyanides, alkaline drug fertilizer, lime nitrogen particles, soil particles slow-release fertilizer to improve the main raw material;(6) double Cyanamid (H2CN2 2, melamine in raw materials, synthetic pharmaceuticals, dyes intermediates.

产品用途：（1）电石（CaC2），有机合成的基本原料，氰胺、氯碱类产品的主原料；（2）聚氯乙烯，用于轻工业、建筑材料、农业、包装、医药、电子设备、汽车、日用品；（3）烧碱，用于造纸、皮革加工和纺织业；（4）盐酸，用于造纸、清洗、稀土、有机化工原料、燃料、食品皮革、冶金等行业；（5）石灰氮（CaCN2），用于制造氰容器、氰化物、碱性药肥、颗粒石灰氮、土壤改良型缓释颗粒肥的主要原料；（6）双氰胺(H2CN22 ，三聚氰胺的原料，是合成医药、染料的中间体。

The company mainly produces all kinds of industry screening machines, food packaging machine (solid, liquid, granular, powder), and bottled beer packaging machine assembly line, as well as large-scale wind transport, dedusting equipment design and installation.

公司主要生产各种行业用筛选机、食品包装机（固体、液体、粒状、粉状）、啤酒包装机和罐装流水线以及大型风力输送、除尘设备的设计与安装。

They began to embroider little squares of cloth.

陪同他的是学校的校长，西科尔斯卡小姐。