查询词典 propositional logic

This is a criticism of the main point and the way of argument in Concept of Logic by Wang Lu. Wang's main point (the only object of logic is necessary inference and the nature of logic is necessity) failed completely to meet with the historical facts of the brith and development of the science of logic.

本文是对王路《逻辑的观念》一书基本观点(逻辑的对象仅仅是必然性推理，逻辑的内在机制是必然地得出)及其论证手法的批评：该书的基本观点完全不符合古今中外逻辑科学产生和发展的历史事实，其论证手法是&偷换和歪曲&。

Comparing withHayek's theory on society method, I believe constitution litigationmechanism must considering the following conclusion in modelingconstitutional method: first, the acquiring of constitutional method isusually effects system vicissitudes. Although constitutional arbitramentcan form definite constitutional method, it can't achieve perduringsubstantial results level of method; secondly, constitutional method isformed virtually by the mixture of two kind of potence, and one is socialpotence, the other is governmental potence. The constitutional method'srationality in logic structure rests directly with the wrestling process ofconstitutional logic and social process. Constitutional method is more akind of simulative conformation of natural logic and social logic, itforms by the wrestling of government, public, legislature andconstitution judging organ. Fourthly, the maintenance of constitutionalmethod depends on the inner power sustained by faith and exteriorpower coming from the background of compulsion. Fifthly,constitutional method itself is a dynamic structure, and it's realizingquomodo and vindicating means is being in vicissitude, however, it canonly provide condition and inspiritment.

对照哈耶克的社会秩序理论，笔者认为，宪法诉讼机制在型构宪政秩序时必然要照顾到以下结论：其一，宪政秩序的取得，往往是一个制度自然变迁的结果，宪法裁决虽然也可能在短期内形成一定的宪法秩序，不过却无法强行地达到一个较大范围内持久的秩序实效水准；其二，宪政秩序实际上是由两种力量交合而成的，一是社会力量，一是政府力量，宪政秩序的逻辑结构的合理性直接取决于宪法逻辑和社会逻辑之间的博弈过程；其三，宪政秩序更多的是一种对自然逻辑和社会逻辑的模拟形态，是经由政府、公众、立法机关与宪法裁判机构的合作博弈而形成的，宪法诉讼的功用至多在于提供博弈规则，以实现纳什均衡；其四，宪政秩序的维护主要依靠来自信念支持的内部力量与来自强制背景的外部力量；其五，宪政秩序本身是一个动态的、常新的结构，其实现方式与维护手段也处于不断变迁之中，但无论如何，宪法诉讼机制所能提供的只是制约与激励两种。

He made a comparative analysis on Chinese nominalistic logic with Western Aristotles logic and Indian classical logic, and revealed the main content of logic of Moism, including basic concept, principle of inference, induction ect.

本文拟从以下几个方面对梁启超的逻辑——方法论思想进行分析评述： 1、梁启超取得逻辑——方法论研究成就的历史条件：①清代诸子学的考证训诂成果使《墨子》一书稍可读通；②西学输入促进了梁启超对中国古典逻辑的研究；③研究墨学和科学的逻辑方法，为宣传维新变法思想提供方法论武器；④梁启超对墨子及墨家学说的主观偏爱。

They are: the achievements of textual research and exegesis of Zhu Zi Xue in Qing Dynasty; the promoting effect of the introducing Western theories that took on the research of Chinese classical logic; taking the doctrine of Moism and scientific logic method as a methodological weapon for propagating reformist thought and Liang Qichao"s favor to Mo Zi and theory of Moism.The second part is about Liang Qichao"s achievements of logic and methodology: he analyzed induction and deduction, and thoroughly analyzed induction in particular, and his thought about those was mainly correct; he analyzed comparison as a component of induction and discussed the cognitive function of comparison, he also explained how to use comparison in the research of history; he not only explicated the thinking process of analytical method and synthetic method, but also integrated the two methods with studying history and reading history , and turned them into specific research methods of history ;he expound the rule of causal law , just as Leibnizs principle of sufficient reason in Western modern times and the law of sufficient reasonin universal logic; he discussed nominal classification, and analyzed wrong classification of the forefathers, then he pointed out the significance of clarifying the basic of division .

不足在于：①梁启超对于各种科学方法的论述不够系统、全面；②梁启超比较研究方法仍存在一些缺陷，他的比较研究主要是将墨家论式与西方逻辑的三段论(有的与印度因明的三支作法)形式作求同研究，缺乏系统性和全面性，而且对三种逻辑的共同点和差异点的分析也缺乏理论深度，加之梁启超不懂得数理逻辑，缺乏精确的数理逻辑工具，因而使这种对比分析缺乏严密性和精确性。

Marx built up Historical Materialism, which realized the transformations from scientific logic to historical logic, from material logic to human logic, and provided the interpreted principles for the view of subsistence and the view of historical orientation with Marx's new material philosophy.

马克思创立历史唯物主义，实现了从科学逻辑向历史逻辑的转变，从物的逻辑向人的逻辑的转变，为马克思的新唯物主义哲学提供了生存论的解释原则和历史性解释原则。

Among numerous propositional logic systems, Lukasiewicz、Godel、Product and L~* have obviously merits, which are exist triangle norm * in [0, 1] withthe semantic implication operator→construct adjoint pairs.

del、Product与L~*这四种有着明显的优点，即存在[0，1]上的三角模*与它们赋值格[0，1]上的语义蕴涵算子→构成伴随对。

There is a wrong opinion that a state of thing corresponds to the atomic proposition in the propositional logic.

学界有种观点认为，基本事态对应着命题逻辑的原子命题，这种观点是错误的。

Secondly, by using multimodal propositional logic, we axiomatize AKRL and prove soundness, completeness, and finite model property of AKRL.

在AKRL完备性的证明中，指出了AKRL在表示情境的对象性方面的困难，从而论证了用表达能力更强的逻辑系统来分析研究类比知识表示系统的必要性。

In combining with the deterministic propositional dynamic logic, the composable problem of the goal service is determined.

通过使用有限状态自动机，服务组成的社区中的状态和操作可以使用有限状态自动机来模拟，这样可以表示服务操作的内部和外部概要。

Then the satisfiability of DTITL is equivalently transformed to the same problem for SFO. Since the decidability of SFO can be transformed to the satisfiability of the propositional interval temporal logic, so SFO is decidable.

利用多个命题变量等价表示有界整数，把SFO的可满足性判定问题等价转换为可判定的命题区间时序逻辑的判定问题。

I go to school at night.

我是上上学。

Clear Tip Nasal Aspirator: A soft time and gentle suction action makes removing excess mucus easy.

鼻吸明确提示：一个柔软的时间和温柔吸力行动使消除过剩的粘液容易。