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In the first chapter,we introduce the research and progresses about Markov chains.

本文第一章主要介绍马氏链的相关研究及进展。

In the first chapter, the progresses, integrated components and detection methods of microchip have been introduced.

第一章介绍了芯片的概念，以及芯片集成元件和检测方式的研究进展。

However, the technology progresses rapidly, the accuracy of the products has increased to micrometer and nanometer.

然而，科技进展快速，各种工业产品的精度要求更大幅度提高，产品之精度要求已达到微米及奈米的程度。

The transfer starts in mid-afternoon (time varies as the winter progresses) and has to be to be completed in daylight.

转让开始在中午（时间长短不一的冬季进步）和工作，是要在白天完成。

As the student progresses, the program introduces a variety of cakes, procedures for mise en place, and production of pastries.

随着学生的进步，该计划推出了各种各样的蛋糕，程序充电恩到位，生产糕点。

This article, through summarizing the progresses in the evapotranspiration (ET0) methods research, analyzes representative ET0 computation methods emphasized on three periods of the world: modificative Penman, Penman-Monteith and standard ASCE-PM. We take 20th century 90's last stages and 21th century initial period's world newest 19 experimental achievements with lysimeter's actual value rating ET0 value as the foundations, analyzing general usage of the ET0 computational method regarding the different climatic conditions. Although the effect of PM method application is desirable in many areas, many local effects are still unsatisfactory; the method MP and so on are more suitable in part of areas; the PM and MP method are not popular, the special attention must be paid to the standard ASCE-PM method. In brief, these kinds of half theory (semi-empirical) methods only suit in certain areas.

通过对ET0计算公式研究进展的总结，分析了在世界上三个时期比较有代表性的计算蒸发腾发量(ET0)的主要公式：修正Penman公式、Penman-Monteith公式及标准ASCE-PM公式；以20世纪90年代末期和21世纪初期世界上最新的19个用Lysimeter实验值率定ET0计算值的实验成果为基础，对于不同气候条件下ET0计算方法的普适性分析评估认为：虽PM公式应用效果较好的地区较多，但也有不少地区效果欠佳，MP等公式在一部分地区较好，PM与MP公式并非普适性的，要特别关注标准ASCE-PM公式，总之，这类半理论公式均有一定的地区性。

This paper discussed recent progresses in Agrobacterium transformation mechanism, plant response to the infection of Agrobacterium, the expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants and monocotyledonous species transformation by Agrobacterium.

本文从农杆菌介导的基因转化机理，植物对农杆菌侵染的反应，转基因植物的遗传表达，以及农杆菌对单子叶植物的转化等方面论述了该领域的最新研究进展，并提出了进一步研究的方向。

Based on extensive literature search, the research progresses on the resources, components, pharmacology and clinical applications of Nandina domestica Thunb.

在广泛文献检索的基础上，综述了南天竹资源、成分、药理、临床应用等方面的研究进展，为深入利用该药用资源植物提供依据。

The first kind is 0-equation model. It only includes mass and momentum conservation equations. Great progresses have been made in improving this model. It has successfully been applied to many natural rivers with complicated boundary geometry. The second kind is κ-ε model. The κ equation and ε equation are needed, besides mass and momentum conservation equations. Many researchers have studied the depth-averaged mathematical models of turbulence in recent years. However, the models were used mostly in regular artificial canals or natural water areas with simple boundaries.

对于宽浅型河流，采用深度平均法进行流场计算时，用得较多的有两类模型：一类是不增加任何脉动量的偏微分方程的模型，这类模型已在适体坐标下运用得较多且较成功；另一类是κ-ε二方程模型，它是近几十年来广泛应用的一类湍流模型，并发展了许多具体的形式，但大多数只对顺直河道进行了研究，对弯曲较大的河道研究不多，本文运用适体坐标，采用正交交错网格及非正交交错网格，把此模型运用到了弯曲较大的河段及具有汇流的河段，取得了较大的成功。

More and more facts proved that the progresses of Chinese democracy and civilization are faster and faster constantly and the Chinese government has the sense of worth of the people foremost. Any problem could ravel out in a negotiatory and civilized way.

越来越多的事实证明，中国以人为本的时代精神和价值观，中国的民主化进程正在不断的飞跃，任何事情都可以通过文明协商的方式找到最佳的解决途径。

For the head-teacher of the class said that I had seriously broken the school rules,which led me to a three-day suspend class.

为什么呢？因为我的班主任说我严重的违反了校规，于是让我停课三天。

Many of them believe that the conversion of thousands of working-class folk in England spared that nation from the mass carnage and the tyranny that came with the revolution in France.

他们之中有许多人相信，在英国数以千计的劳工阶级之悔改信主使英国免於遭受如法国大革命所造成的大屠杀和专制暴政。