查询词典 probability density function

Monte Carlo is a method that approximately solves mathematic or physical problems by statistical sampling theory. When comes to Bayesian classification, it firstly gets the conditional probability distribution of the unlabelled classes based on the known prior probability. Then, it uses some kind of sampler to get the stochastic data that satisfy the distribution as noted just before one by one. At last, it can obtain the posterior probability distibution of each unlabelled classes by analysing these stochastic data.

蒙特卡罗是一种采用统计抽样理论近似求解数学或物理问题的方法，它在用于解决贝叶斯分类时，首先根据已知的先验概率获得各个类标号未知类的条件概率分布，然后利用某种抽样器，分别得到满足这些条件分布的随机数据，最后统计这些随机数据，就可以得到各个类标号未知类的后验概率分布。

Then we systematically study state transition probability of two-unit series system and paralleled system and stable availability of system, and drew the following conclusions:Firstly, we present the partial differential equation which satisfies state transition probability of the two-unit series system, and proves that state transition probability satisfy the equation, and are their minimal nonnegative solutions.

第一，对两个不同型部件、一个修理设备组成的串联系统，其寿命和修理时间的分布函数的各种情况，给出了状态转移概率所满足的偏微分方程组，证明了状态转移概率满足的方程，并且是这些方程的最小非负解。

Then we systematically study state transition probability of two-unit series system and paralleled system and stable availability of system, and drew the following conclusions:Firstly, we present the partial differential equation which satisfies state transition probability of the two-unit series system, and proves that state transition probability satisfy the equation, and are their minimal nonnegative solutions.

然后对两个不同型部件、一个修理设备组成的串联系统和并联系统的状态转移概率，以及系统的稳态可用度进行系统研究，得到了如下一些结果。第一，对两个不同型部件、一个修理设备组成的串联系统，其寿命和修理时间的分布函数的各种情况，给出了状态转移概率所满足的偏微分方程组，证明了状态转移概率满足的方程，并且是这些方程的最小非负解。

In order to solve dynamic, complicated and uncertain problems, multi-agents based distributed intelligence decision support systems, description and decomposition of complicated decision tasks, and cooperation and reasoning among multi-agents are elaborated in this paper. The details are given as follows. 1. Agent and ABDIDSS modelsIn allusion to the current problems of research on agents theory models, payoff and probability factors are introduced on the basis of mental state models of classical BDI of agent and joint BDI of multi-agents in this paper, mental state models of individual agents and joint metal state models of group agents based on payoff and probability factors are built up. Introducing payoff and probability factors satisfies requirements of uncertainty and self-benefit of agents to the environments.

本文针对动态的、复杂的以及不确定问题，以基于多Agents的分布式智能决策支持系统及复杂决策任务的描述与分解、多Agents之间的协作与推理机制为研究内容，具体的研究内容如下： 1、Agent和ASDIDSS模型针对当前多Agents理论模型研究存在的问题，文章在经典Agent的BDI以及联合BDI等心智状态模型基础上引入效用与概率因子，建立基于效用与概率因子的个体Agent的心智状态模型以及群组Agent联合心智状态模型，引入效用与概率因子满足Agent对环境的不确定性以及自利性的要求。

Topics include: sample spaces, axioms of probability, conditional probability and independence, discrete and continuous random variables, jointly distributed random variables, characteristics of random variables, law of large numbers and central limit theorem, basic experimental design, elementary probability, binomial and normal distributions, estimation and test of hypotheses, and analysis of variance.

概率论部分作为基础知识，是全部内容的重点之一，为读者提供必要的理论基础；数理统计部分，主要介绍常用的统计推断方法：参数估计、假设检验、方差分析、回归和相关分析等内容。

The binned kernel density estimators were exploited to estimate the probability density function of background intensity in training sequence.

该模型采用分箱核密度估计算法从训练图像序列中得到背景的密度函数。

Secondly, we improve Minimum Semi-variance Model with fitting the joint probability density function of rate of return between futures and spot prices based on wavelet density estimation method for improving goodness of fit for the first time.

其次，为提高估计的精度，对最小半方差模型提出了进一步改进，首次引入小波密度估计的方法拟合期现货收益率的联合密度函数，并与经验和正态核密度估计方法进行了比较。

Firstly, after the analysis on probability distribution of GenCos' bidding results, a concept of bid acceptance probability distribution function of GenCos is proposed; then based on the features of bidding structure in day-ahead and real-time markets, a multi-objective bi-level programming bidding strategy model in day-ahead and real-time markets for GenCos is built for electricity markets in which the step-wise bidding function and pay-as-bid settlement protocols are utilized; and then in order to solve the proposed model an algorithm based on Monte Carlo method and genetic algorithm is designed; finally, the simulation of numerical examples are performed to verify the correctness of the proposed model and algorithm.

首先在分析了发电商竞价结果的概率分布之后，提出了发电商竞价成功概率分布函数的概念。然后基于日前和实时市场中投标结构的特点，针对采用分段报价和按报价结算(pay as bid price，PAB)方式的电力市场，建立了日前和实时市场中发电商的多目标二层规划竞价策略模型，并设计了以蒙特卡罗方法和遗传算法为基础的求解算法。最后采用算例对所提出的模型和算法进行了仿真验证。

The property of continuous function and the formula of probability addition to the convergence in probability of continuous function sequence of random vector is used.

摘要将依概率收敛的一维随机变量序列的连续函数仍依概率收敛的结论推广到随机向量序列的情形。

Deterministic search process restricts its flexibility, determined on the basis of fixed TS, according to the information of moving, add a probability function to the evaluation function, increase the probability factors , broad the search area, makes a better solution a better chance of being selected.

T S中确定性的搜索过程制约了它的灵活性，所以在禁忌搜索原则确定的基础上，根据搜索中的移动信息，增加概率性因素，在评价函数中增加一个概率函数，把确定性选择过程变为概率性的，从而改进搜索方向，拓宽搜索领域，使得更好的解有更大的被选中的机会。

Pachomius manual labour was organized as an essential part of the monastic life; and since it is a principle of the monks as distinguished from the mendicants, that the body shall be self-supporting, external work of one sort or another has been an inevitable part of the life ever since.

根据圣pachomius体力劳动组织作为一个重要组成部分寺院生活；以来，这是一个原则的和尚，作为有别于乞丐，该机构应自支撑，对外工作的这种或那种已一个必然的一部分，生活至今。

In order to study the effects of parametrical rolling on the ship movement and tilts, in allusion to ship's navigating in regular following waves, the equation of ship rolling motion is transformed into normal Mathieu equation by proper variable replacement when strong parametrical excitation in restoring moment varied according to sine or cosine wave.

为研究参数横摇对船舶运动和倾覆的影响，通过对船在规则波上随浪航行时，恢复力矩中出现的1个以正余弦规律变化的强参数激励项进行适当的变量置换，将船舶的横摇运动方程转换成标准形式的Mathieu方程。