查询词典 probability density function

The formula of total probability ,conditional probability and bayes formula are elementary formulas of probability theory.

指出了全概率公式、条件概率及贝叶斯公式在实际应用中与其理论上的矛盾，从应用的角度重新叙述并精确论证了这些公式，弥补了原理论上的不

Bayes Formula probability trees probability theory probability tree method

贝叶斯公式；概率树；概率论；概率树法

Therefore,in order to simplify the proving process of these inequalities.Though reading a lot of relevant resource,we begin with the basic concept of math,and use an ingenious way――probabilistic method, which means that according to the main features of inequality theory,combining the basic concepts and formulas of probability,through creating one suitable probability model,giving some concrete meanings of random events or random variables,proving through probability theory,we discuss the Cauchy inequality,Class inequality,Jensen inequality,and several common inequality's proofs.

因此，为了简化这些不等式的证明过程，通过阅读大量的相关资料，本文从数学的基本概念入手，运用了1种巧妙的方法——概率方法，即根据不等式的主要特征，结合概率论的1些基本概念和公式，通过建立1个适当的概率模型，赋以1些随机事件或随机变量的具体含义，再利用概率论的理论加以证明，讨论了柯西不等式，级数不等式，詹森不等式和几个1般不等式的证明。

The faults of pipelines were separately treated in discrete random variable and continuous random variable using the probability analysis method and choosing the reasonably different probability models based on the fault statistics data of pressure pipelines extracted from random inspection, and the fracture failure probability of pressure pipelines was calculated using the fracture failure risk analysis system for pressure piping system containing defects.

以抽检得到的压力管线缺陷统计数据为依据，采用概率分析方法，通过合理选取不同概率模型，将缺陷分别按离散型及连续型随机变量进行处理，应用在役压力管道失效风险分析系统计算出管线的断裂失效概率。

In the Mu Us desert, either vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation or vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation shows obviously vertical-layered character. When the irrigation is finished 24 hours later, there is little correlation between vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation and vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation. All of probability distribution of soil water content before irrigation are left-skewed distribution, but some of probability distribution of soil water content after irrigation is left-skewed distribution, some is right-skewed distribution or normal distribution. The distributed pattern shows different between the probability distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section of different depth. There is close correlation between the distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section, but the correlation debases as the horizontal section turns deeper. Also after irrigation close correlation occurs between the distribution of soil moisture of layers bordering upon each other, but which reduces with space of different layers being larger.

在毛乌素沙地，喷灌前后土壤含水率等值线垂直分布均具有显著的垂直分层特征；在喷灌结束24h后，喷灌前土壤含水率的垂直分布与喷灌后土壤含水率的垂直分布间地相关性较弱；灌水前土壤初始含水率的概率分布形态均表现为较典型的左偏态分布，灌后土壤含水率分布形态表现为左偏态、右偏形态或正态分布；雨量筒水深概率分布与土壤不同深度剖面层水平方向的含水率概率分布在形态特征上表现出一定程度的差异，雨量筒水深分布与水平层土壤含水率分布、灌后相邻深度层土壤含水率分布、之间的相关程度较高，其相关性随着剖面深度和层间距的增加而降低。

At present the fault tree or event tree method is generally applied to calculate the probability of ship grounding, and the certain probability is used to represent the failure probability of basic event.

目前，计算船舶搁浅的概率时常采用故障树和事件树方法，以确定的概率数表示底事件的发生概率。

We have a detailed research on this system. The main topic is centralized on call blocking probability, handoff refused probability and forced termination probability.

对我们提出的系统的切换性能指标进行了系统地分析，主要讨论了呼叫阻塞概率、切换失败概率和强迫中断概率。

In chapter 3, differing with gonging criterions which use "safety factor" or "reliability indicatrix", the accidents were regarded as a problem of risk. Then probability model was established in ouder to bring out probability of ship collision with bridges and probability of failure due to ship collision with bridges.

在第三章中，与以往的设计规范中结构设计方程所使用的各种"安全系数"、"可靠性指标"等理念不同，本文将船桥相撞事故作为一个风险问题，建立了基于可能性的概率模型，得出了船舶撞击桥梁的概率以及由于船舶撞击致使桥梁结构失效的概率。

Due to the inveracity of statistical probability with little sample of disasters, the mutation progression was used to calculate the probability instead of the statistical probability and fuzzy degree instead of brittle events' value.

鉴于小样本灾害事件统计概率的不准确性，用突变级数法计算的脆性因子突变概率代替脆性风险熵计算中的统计概率，模糊数代替脆性事件结果价值。

In Chapter 4 we discuss the solvable theorem of adaptive inverse optimal control problems, and proceed with controller designs of global asymptotic stability in probability, adaptive inverse optimal stabilization in probability and output-feedback adaptive inverse optimal stabilization in probability for strict-feedback stochastic nonlinear continuous systems with additive standard Wiener noises and constant unknown parameters using It〓's differentiation rule and an adaptive backstepping algorithm. Control laws and adaptive laws can be obtained at one time by this design scheme. Many simulations have been performed to validate the properties of the proposed adaptive control scheme.

在第4章中，针对具有标准Wiener噪声扰动和未知定常参数的不确定随机非线性系统，提出并证明了自适应逆最优控制问题可解定理，构造了适当形式的四次型随机控制Lvapunov函数，基于It〓微分规则和自适应Backstepping算法，系统地设计了全局依概率渐近稳定控制器、自适应逆最优控制器、输出反馈逆最优控制器以及在设计中如何处理二阶Hessian矩阵函数的方法，这种方法可同时获得控制律和自适应律，通过实例仿真，表明该控制算法是有效性的。

Many will continue to choose to live in duality and in conflict.

许多人将继续选择活在二元对立性和冲突中。

I find that students of the University of Physical Education all wear sportswear at first sight.

我发现：体育大学的学生乍一看，都是穿运动衣，大家都一样