查询词典 pricing format

Based on modern option pricing theories,Black-Scholes and Merton option pricing model are used to study the pricing of the structured products,and its design,characteristics and risk are studied respectively.Based on Black-Scholes and Merton option pricing models,I also use the checking method to estimate the parameters of the model following real prices data,And calculate the theoretical price.Then,I compare the real and theoretical prices of the two pricing models.The results show that the effects of the Merton option pricing model are superior to the Black-Scholes option pricing model.Moreover,It shows that Hong Kong stock prices are also affected by the instant messages,and the jump phenomenon may exist in Hong Kong stock market.

本文以香港衍生品市场上三种主要结构性产品结构性票据、牛熊证和衍生权证为例，探讨了结构性产品的设计、特点、风险和定价，以现代期权定价理论为基础，以B-S和Merton两种期权定价为基础，根据市场价格经过校验得出模型隐含的参数，编程计算出两种定价模型下的理论价格，并将其实际价格和理论价格进行了比较，结果显示：Merton定价模型的效果要优于Black-scholes定价模型，说明香港市场的股票价格也可能受即时信息的影响，存在跳跃现象。

For reach the ideal price, auto enterprises need to use different methods of pricing---cost-oriented, demand-oriented,competition-oriented, and the integrated use of above all. Some stratges are also adviced. e.g: new products pricing stratge, cycle pricing stratge, discount pricing stratge, conbine pricing stratge, phycology pricing strage etc.

为了实现一定的定价目标，汽车企业需要灵活采用各种定价方法——成本导向法、需求导向法、竞争导向法以及几种方法的综合运用，并辅之以多种定价策略，例如新产品定价策略、生命周期定价策略、折扣定价策略、组合定价策略、心理定价策略等等。

Having reviewed both domestic and international dissertations about resource pricing theories, compared domestic with foreign practices, stepped on the base of domestic realities, the author of this dissertation analyzes the pricing system of mineral resources both from theories and from its practices:First, analyzed China's current governmental pricing system and its effect on the market, and found some regulation problems such as inadequation and excession. Second, compared different mineral resources pricing methods and its effects on the market, and suggested new mineral resources pricing system for China. Third, raised some suggestion on how to regulate and manage through government administration in this new pricing system.

论文中借鉴国内外成熟的资源定价理论，对比国外通行做法，立足于国内实际，从理论和实践两方面对矿产资源的定价体系进行研究：一是分析了现行中国矿产资源政府行政定价的制度及其对市场的影响，找到部分调控影响不到、不力或过度的问题；二是比较了国内外现行不同的矿产资源定价体系及其对市场的影响，提出了适应我国经济社会发展的新矿产资源定价体系；三是科学地提出了我国在应对未来资源提价过程中如何合理发挥政府调控手段的建议。

Using Basket warrants transaction data on TSEC from September 4, 1997 to June 25, 2001, the combination of four volatility models classical history volatility,Parkinson's(1980 high, low history volatility model,Garman and Klass's(1980) high, low, opening, closing history volatility model,Trippi's(1977) equal weights implied volatility model with two pricing models Black and Sholes's(1973 option pricing model, henceforth BS pricing model,Chen and Cheng's(2000) basket option pricing model, henceforth CC pricing model are discussed on valuation performance to obtain superior basket warrant pricing model.

摘要本文利用1997年9月4日至2001年6月26日间在台湾证券交易所发行且已到期的组合型认购权证，使用四种波动性估计模型历史波动性模型，Parkinson(1980的最高，最低价历史波动性模型，Garman and Klass(1980)的最高，最低，开盘，收盘价历史波动性模型，Trippi(1977)的等加权平均隐含波动性模型与Black and Sholes(1973)选择权评价模式，陈松男与郑翔尹(2000)的组合型权证评价模式配对成八种评价模式，并比较其评价绩效，冀期能得到一较佳的组合型认购权证评价模式。

Using Basket warrants transaction data on TSEC from September 4, 1997 to June 25, 2001, the combination of five volatility models classical history volatility; Parkinson's(1980 high, low history volatility model; Garman and Klass's(1980) high, low, opening, closing history volatility model; Trippi's(1977) equal weights implied volatility model; Bollerslev's(1986)GARCH volatility model with two pricing models Black and Sholes's(1973 option pricing model, henceforth BS pricing model; Chen and Cheng's(2000) basket option pricing model, henceforth CC pricing model are discussed on valuation performance to obtain superior basket warrants pricing model.

本文利用1997年9月4日至2001年6月26日间在台湾证券交易所发行且已到期的组合型认购权证，使用五种波动性估计模型历史波动性模型、Parkinson(1980的最高、最低价历史波动性模型、Garman and Klass(1980)的最高、最低、开盘、收盘价历史波动性模型、Trippi(1977)的等加权平均隐含波动性模型、Bollerslev(1986)的GARCH波动性模型与Black and Sholes(1973)选择权评价模式、陈松男与郑翔尹(2000)的组合型认购权证评价模型(CC组合型认购权证评价模型)配对成十种评价模型，并比较其评价绩效，冀期能得到一较佳的组合型认购权证评价模型。

In chapter 2, the basic ideas of binomial pricing model are concerned, we discuss binomial pricing model of discrete up-and-out calls and show the formula, it extends binomial pricing model of European option. It is then followed by the discussion of the structure and thought of trinomial pricing model, the formula of barrier option is derived. At last, we provide mixed trinomial pricing model.

第二章，首先介绍了二项式定价模型的基本思想，推导出了障碍期权的二项式定价公式，此式推广了标准的二项式定价公式；其次，介绍了三项式定价模型的构造及基本思想，得出了障碍期权的三项式定价模型；最后，推广了三项式定价模型，提出了混合型三项式定价模型。

All water pricing methods have different impacts on efficiency, where the volumetric pricing and tiered pricing can made first best efficiency, and input/output pricing can made second best efficiency while the unit per area pricing has a low efficiency.

水资源作为稀缺资源在分配使用中存在效率与公平性的冲突，为实现有限水资源的可持续利用，就必须在分配过程中进行效率与公平性的协调[1]。

Our algorithm stores a transaction in both HIV format and HIL format,and uses the information contained in HIL format to reduce the number of bit-wise "AND" operation.In this way,the number of "AND" operation in HIV format is equal to the number of non-zero figures in HIL format,having nothing to do with the length of the data in HIV format.

我们提出的挖掘高效用长项集的算法同时以水平项目向量(Horizontal item-vector，简称HIV)和水平项目列表(Horizontal item-list，简称HIL)两种格式存储事务，并利用HIL格式数据提供的信息减少比特级逻辑&与&运算的次数，使逻辑&与&运算的次数等于HIL格式数据的长度，与比特向量的长度无关。

He TIFF file format TIFF Tagged Image file format is, this kind of file format is by Aldus and Microsoft Corporation for scanners and desktop publishing software development, is the class used to store the black and white images, anadaptive and color image storage format has been defined, and now has become a publishing multi-media CD-ROM in a critical file format.

IFF文件格式 TIFF是Tagged Image File Format的缩写，此种文件格式是由Aldus和 Microsoft公司为扫描仪和台式计算机出版软件开发的，是用来为存储黑白图像，灰度图像和彩色图像而定义的存储格式，现在己经成为出版多媒体 CD－ROM中的一个重要文件格式。

However, this district has its format shortcomings, first of all, the format is fat32 disk partition, file allocation table as a result of the expansion of the use of running faster than fat16 format hard drive partition slower; In addition, as a result of the system and some dos Early applications of this district do not support the format, so this geographical format, you can not use the old dos operating system and the application of some old software.

但是，这种分区格式也有它的缺点，首先是采用fat32格式分区的磁盘，由于文件分配表的扩大，运行速度比采用fat16格式分区的硬盘要慢；另外，由于dos系统和某些早期的应用软件不支持这种分区格式，所以采用这种分区格式后，就无法再使用老的dos操作系统和某些旧的应用软件了。

Molecular Distillation is a kind of high vacuum distillation method, which is suitable for the separation of high boiling, heat sensitivity and viscidity products.

分子蒸馏技术是一种在高真空条件下进行的连续蒸馏过程，适合于分离高沸点、热敏性及具有生物活性的混合物。

They are to the Noughties what yuppies were to the Eighties .

那在六十年代是时髦的，但在八十年代肯定是过时了