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In this thesis, three major achievements were made in theoretical study: conditions and rules for preparing nano-powders by chemical precipitation are analyzed from the point of view of thermodynamics and kinetics, the principle, standards and experimental method for the aqueous dispersion of nano-scaled metal oxide powders were proposed and verified, mathematical model of nano-filming addition of dopants by chemical coprecipitation was established. In experimental research, nm-ZnO, nm-Bi〓O〓, nm-Co〓O〓 and nm-MnO powder with spherical shape, narrow particle size distribution and small particle size were prepared successfully, highly stable and dispersive aqueous suspensoid of nm-ZnO, nm-TiO〓, nm-Co〓O〓 and nm-MnO powder were prepared successfully and surface modification on these nano-powders was also achieved, 0-3 nanocomposite ZnO varistors with nm-ZnO, nm-TiO〓and nm-MnO respectively were prepared successfully by conventional mechanical attrition, and exhibited much better electrical properties than those of conventional varistors.

综上所述，本文在理论研究方面取得了三项成果：（1）从热力学和动力学角度推导并分析了液相化学沉淀法制备纳米粉体的反应条件和规律，（2）提出了纳米氧化物的水分散体系的设计原理、规范和通用实验步骤，（3）提出了共沉淀的数学模型和计算方法；在实验方面所取得的成果有：（1）成功制备了粒度小、分布窄、形貌对称的纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化铋、纳米氧化钴和纳米氧化亚锰，（2）成功地制备了纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化钴和纳米氧化锰的高稳定分散悬浮液并实现了干粉体的表面改性，（3）成功地进行了纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锰对压敏电阻的0—3复合掺杂实验，试样性能远优于常规压敏电阻，为实现压敏电阻的高能高压化提供了新的方法和思路。

The specific properties of materials, such as the palate adhesion, dynamic cruor, anti-bacterial and the degradability of lysozyme, were studied, which provide valuable data for further application. The main creative ideas are listed as follows:(1) The water-retention chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol blend fiber was obtained by coagulating in 10％ NaOH/ethanol solution, and the blend and crosslink due to GA can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber;(2) The controlled degradable chitosan/gelatin blend fiber was obtained by solution filature, and the mechanical properties were improved;(3) The N-acylchitosan with the different degree of substitution were successfully prepared, and the relationship between structure and properties was estabilished;(4) By a new solvent system of 6％ NaOH/4％ urea for cellulose, the blood anti-coagulant function films were prepared by blending cellulose with chitin;(5) In the same solvent system above mentioned, the anti-bacterial blend films based on cellulose and carboxymethyl-chitosan were prepared, and the relationship of DS and the anti-bacterial property was concluded;(6) The controlled degradable chitosan films was obtained by the chemical crosslink.

本论文的主要创新点：（1）以NaOH水溶液／无水乙醇为凝固液，采用溶液纺丝法制备出保水性壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇纤维，共混和戊二醛交联极大提高了壳聚糖纤维力学性能；（2）用壳聚糖和明胶共混，以溶液纺丝法制备出可控降解的壳聚糖／明胶纤维，并大幅度提高了壳聚糖共混纤维的干、湿态抗张强度；（3）确立了不同取代度N-酰基壳聚糖的合成方法及其膜的结构与性能的关系；（4）利用纤维素新溶剂6％NaOH／4％尿素制备出抗凝血性纤维素／甲壳素共混膜；（5）利用上述纤维素新溶剂制备出抗菌性纤维素／羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜，揭示了羧甲基壳聚糖取代度与抗菌性能的关系；（6）制备出可控降解壳聚糖交联膜。

The soluble peptidoglycan is gained by short dose benzylpenicillin sodium and sephadex G-100; the SLP reagent kit revealed the prepared soluble peptidoglycan is peptidoglycan; the limulus test showed that the content of LPS in the prepared soluble peptidoglycan(10ng/ml) is lower (0.01ng/ml); the improved LOWRY reagent kit showed the content of protein in the prepared soluble peptidoglycan(1.0mg/ml) was 0.06mg/ml; the optimization condition is 0.75mg/ml of the dosage of benzylpenicillin sodium,1h of the incubation time of benzylpenicillin sodium addition and 5×108CFU/ml of the bacterial concentration.

应用青霉素诱导和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱成功分离得到金葡菌可溶性PGN；所制备的可溶性PGN经SLP试剂检测结果为阳性；动态浊度鲎实验检测制备的可溶性PGN(10ng/ml)中LPS含量小于0.01ng/ml；改良LOWRY试剂检测可溶性PGN(1.0mg/ml)中蛋白含量为0.06mg/ml；青霉素诱导和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱法提取金葡菌可溶性PGN的最佳条件是：青霉素的使用浓度为0.75mg/ml，菌液浓度为5×108CFU/ml，加入青霉素后孵育时间为1h。

N,N'-ethylenediamine diacetic acid was prepared by condensation of ethylenediamine, formaldehyde and potassium cyanide. Then 2-oxo-1-piperazine acetic acid was prepared from N,N'-ethylenediamine diacetic acid. In addition, 2-oxo-1, 4-piperazine diacetic acid(3-KP) was prepared from 2-oxo-1-piperazine acetic acid with chloroacetic acid.

本文用乙二胺、甲醛和氰化钾合成了N，N′—乙二胺二乙酸，然后由N，N′—乙二胺二乙酸合成了2—氧—1—哌嗪乙酸，再由2—氧—1—哌嗪乙酸和氯乙酸合成了2—氧—1，4—哌嗪二乙酸(3-KP)。

The prepared PU was an elastic solid,which could dissolved in ethanol,and it exhibited strong deep purple fluorescence at the peak of 365 nm along with a shoulder at 386 nm as a thin film. Obviously,the prepared PU also was a kind of uncommon ultraviolet-emitting polymer materials.2.A novel water-soluble rod-coil block copolymer was designed and prepared successfully via the facile isocyanic acid polycondensation method using polyfluorene as rod segment and polyethylene glycol as coil segment in the main chain for the first time.

所制备的聚氨酯是一种弹性固体，可以溶解在乙醇中，同时又显示出具有半导体性质的荧光性能——最大荧光发射峰在365 nm并且在386 nm处有一个小的侧肩峰，可见它又是一种非常难得的紫外发光聚合物材料。2、首次采用了简单的异氰酸酯反应，成功地将聚芴作为刚性链段和聚乙二醇作为柔性链段，以嵌段方式连结到聚合物分子主链上，从而形成了一种新型的具有刚性链—柔性链结构的嵌段共聚物。

Calcium montmorillonite was prepared by purifying LeXi bentonite with wet method two times. After purification, sodium modification of Ca-M was studied. A series of Fe/Cr-pillared montmorillonites were prepared with conventional method using sodium montmorillonite as experimental materials, and synthesis condition of Fe/Cr-PILM was studied and optimized. In order to shorten the preparation cycle of PILM by overleaping the step of sodium modification of Ca-M, the pretreatment technique for Ca-M has been pointed out for the first time. A series of PILMs were prepared with hydrothermal method using pretreated Ca-M as starting materials, which show that pretreatment of Ca-M is feasible.

然后，本文以莱西膨润土为原料，用二次湿法提纯了-2μm的钙基蒙脱石，对其进行了钠化改型研究；以改型后的钠基蒙脱石为原料，新型的铁、铬复合离子为柱化剂，研究并优化了常规离子交换法制备PILM的工艺；为了简化PILM的制备工艺，我们首次提出了蒙脱石的预处理工艺，希望通过预处理后可以省去蒙脱石的钠化工艺，以Ca-M为原料直接合成PILM。

Melamine pyrophosphate can synthesized by three means:(1) prepared by pyrophosphoric acid and melamine in low temperature.(2) prepared by pyrophosphate and melamine in acid.(3) prepared in solid phase.

焦磷酸三聚氰胺的合成一般由三种方法：(1)由焦磷酸在低温下直接与三聚氰胺作用合成法；(2)酸性溶液中由焦磷酸盐合成法；(3)固相合成法。

In this paper, we have investigated the development of organic-inorganic composite PR material, prepared a new organic-inorganic nanocomposite PR material of PVK-CdS/DMNPAT, characterized every component and tested it photorefractivty by two beam coupling experiment.The work of this paper includes mainly three parts as followed:(1) An azo dye DMNPP was prepared via reoxidation and coincidence reaction and its derivative DMNPAT was prepared by attaching a long methacrylate chain in DMNPP.

本学位论文分析了国内外有机无机复合光折变材料的研究现状，根据目前有机无机纳米复合光折变材料研究中存在的问题，依照有机无机纳米复合光折变材料各功能组分的基本要求设计并制备了PVK-CdS/DMNPAT的有机无机纳米复合光折变材料，对各组分的合成表征以及光折材料的光折变性能做了较系统的研究。

The result showed that, rutile TiO2 was well consistent with carrier resin, so the prepared masterbatch had glabrous of surface, and application was better than acute TiO2; the masterbatch was prepared by using polymerization PE wax, whose application is better than masterbatch prepared by using other PE wax, such as hiding power of the film, whiteness of the templet; dispersion of TiO2 was uniformity, and application was improved, in particular hiding power and tinctorial power by adding PPA and nanocalcium carbonate in masterbatch.

结果表明，浓PE白色母粒的加工制备，样品中金红石型钛白粉与载体树脂相容性较好，载体树脂仍能形成连续相，制备出表面光洁的色母粒，且应用性能较优于锐钛型钛白粉；聚合型聚乙烯蜡制备的浓白色母粒，薄膜透过率较低，光密值较大，母粒的遮盖力强，注塑样板的白度高，母粒的着色力强，应用性能优于其它聚乙烯蜡；浓白色母粒中加入PPA和纳米碳酸钙，使钛白粉粒子的分散均匀，提高了母粒的着色力、遮盖力等应用性能。

The transparent and heat-insulating EVA/antimony-doped tin dioxide interlayers used for laminated glass were prepared by compression molding after adding Nano ATO with transparency and infrared reflection function to the EVA through extrusion blending. The heat-insulation performance of the prepared EVA/ATO interlayers was also characterized, and the effects of Nano-ATO content on the tensile property, the optical property, the thermal stability and the adhesive strength to glass of the prepared EVA/ATO materials were investigated.

通过挤出共混法将透明且具有红外反射功能的纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡添加到乙烯–乙酸乙烯酯共聚物中，并经热压成型制备了夹层玻璃用EVA/ATO透明隔热中间膜；表征了EVA/ATO中间膜的隔热性能，并考察了ATO用量对EVA/ATO材料的拉伸性能、光学性能、热稳定性及其与玻璃的黏合性能的影响。

These are places without aristocratic baggage; egalitarian places open to talent, self-improving, engaged in learning and innovation through networks that were at once competitive and cooperative.

这些地方没有贵族遗风作祟，而且对于那些有天分的人是开放的平等之地，这些人善于通过那些曾经很具有竞争力与合作精神的关系网进行自我提高以及学习创新。

Christine: You don't want to see me?

你不想见我？