查询词典 practical unit

This paper studies the practical actuality of foreign countries exerting countervailing measures to china from the year of 2004, then analyses the character , reason and impact to china of the practical actuality of foreign countries exerting countervailing measures, at last put forward dynamic quaternity linkage mechanism of countervailing.

本文通过研究2004年以来国外对我国反补贴实践现状，分析并总结了国外对我国反补贴实践的特征、原因及其对我国产业发展的影响，并提出"动态四体联动"的反补贴工作机制。

This dissertation involves the study of the growth dynamics of colloidal particles under unequilibrium and irreversibility condition. Firstly, it is of interest to investigate whether the ideal diffusion or reaction-limited aggregation universal behavior can be observed for the initially polydisperse practical system of basic yttrium carbonate as well. The fractal structure of basic yttrium carbonate aggregate cluster was observed using transmission eletron microscopy. The aggregation kinetics of basic yttrium carbonate colloids was studed using dynamic 1ight-scattering techniques. At 1.00mol/l NaCl solution the fast diffusion-limited aggregation behavior was observed with an increase in the aggregate size over time described by a power law. The aggregates are characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.82. The disordered and ramified cluster is consisted of primary colloidal particles and tenuous and more open. These are in good agreement with those observed for other colloidal system such as colloidal gold (1.86), silica (1.85) and polystyrene latex (1.82) in diffusion-limited aggregation from the static and dynamic light scattering by Lin. Therefore ideal diffusion-limited aggregation behavior can be observed in practical polydisperse system as well. Smoluchwski and fractal theories were used to obtain the aggregation rate constant for initially polydisperse system for the first time.

本论文研究胶粒的非平衡不可逆聚集动态学，分为两个部分，第一部分是通过实验研究一个新的初始多分散的碱式碳酸钇胶粒实际体系中，聚集标度性质的普适性，即使用透射电子显微技术观测聚集粒子簇的分形结构，使用动态激光光散射研究碱式碳酸钇胶粒的聚集动力学，胶粒带电而产生静电排斥作用使得碱式碳酸钇胶粒处于稳定状态，当加入电解质NaCl溶液时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒间的Debye-Hückel屏蔽距离缩短，从而降低静电排斥能垒，引起胶粒发生不可逆聚集，加入电解质NaCl的浓度为1.00mol/l时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒进行快速聚集，经历扩散控制聚集机理，形成结构疏松、更为开放的分形聚集粒子簇，其分形维数为1.82，碱式碳酸钇胶粒聚集增长动力学遵循幂函数增长规律，与Lin等使用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射测量硅胶(1.85)、金胶(1.86)和聚苯乙烯胶乳(1.82)在扩散控制聚集状态形成聚集粒子簇的分形维数值以及粒子簇聚集增长的动力学规律相一致，表明胶粒聚集标度性质的普适性质在初始多分散的实际体系中也是存在的，首次由动态激光光散射的实验数据得到初始多分散胶粒分形粒子簇的聚集速率常数，并且其值与Smoluchowski聚集速率理论预期相符。

As an often used physical model with good theoretical and practical values, StreeterPhelps model has been widely used to study water quality. However, in some special water areas the utilitization of StreeterPhelps model has some limitation as confirming reaeration coefficient often comes from tests in rivers with fast water flow speed with no consideration of wave effects. Furthermore, in practical research in Three Gorges Reservoir, the changing rule of COD appears abnormally. In some water areas far from pollution source, the value of COD changes with time, but does not follow the exponential attenuation rule. This phenomenon can not be explained by former modified StreeterPhelps model.

StreeterPhelps模型是目前进行河流水质研究常用的物理模型，具有良好的理论和实用价值，然而在某些特定水域，该模型的应用受到限制，主要原因是复氧系数的取定多在水流速度较大情况下得到的，而未考虑水面波动对复氧系数的影响，另外，在实际研究过程中发现三峡库区COD变化的规律出现异常：在离排污口相当远的水域，COD随时间变化趋势并不是指数衰减，而是在某个常值附近微小摆动，以往很多修正过的StreeterPhelps模型都无法解释这个现象。

There are practical meanings to reanalyze of it both in theoretic exploration and for practical management.

对泰罗科学管理原理的再剖析，无论在理论上还是在实践中均具有现实意义

The goal of the study is to understand the current practical status in the learning area of the integrated activities for the 5th and 6th grade teachers for elementary schools in Kaohsiung City. It includes the acceptance and enforcement of the current guidelines, the practical application of the evaluation, and the opinions on the city's free loan textbook policy, all for the learning area cited. All these items are statistically analyzed for significance by the background variables of school, teacher and reformable acceptance.

本研究旨在了解目前高雄市国民小学高年级教师的综合活动学习领域实施现况，包含教师对於综合活动学习领域之课程认同、课程实施、教学评量及教科书免费借用之意见，并进一步探讨不同背景变项对於综合活动课程实施现况之差异情形，以及教师对於综合活动学习领域课程认同与课程实施之相关。

The depth of central-axis percent dose Rx (except R100) and practical range, Rp, for small field electron beams can be calculated by the proposed empirical formula: Rx = Rxo ×,where Rxo R po are the broad beam percentage dose depth and practical range respectively; r is the small field cutout side when it is less than the maximum lateral scatter equivalent range, and m is he exponent term relative to the decreasing curvature.

小照野电子射束中心轴百分剂量深度，Rx（R100除外），及穿透深度，Rp，可以用本文提出的经验公式：Rx = Rxo×计算求得，其中Rxo及 Rpo分别为宽射束百分剂量深度及实际穿透深度；r为边长小於最大侧散射等效范围的小照野边长；m值为与下降曲度有关的指数项。

The special thing about Liu's art is that his works are not expressions of general emotions (what is commonly known as 'follow the feelings'), or graceful skills, or utilitarian interpretations of practical questions the latter is originated from France in the 18th century and its revolutionary tradition, namely political and utilitarian behaviorism tradition. French didacticism philosophers in the 18th century, just like the early renaissant civic humanists, advocated active and vibrant way of life and fought against ruminative way. They were not interested in metaphysics, and cared about practical issues—moral, mental and social--in their lives. They were confident of human future and held undoubted faith in history progress.

刘永刚的艺术的独特之处，就在于其作品中的表现性，不是一般性的情绪化的表现，不只是我们通常认为的"跟着感觉走"，也不是技巧性的优雅表现，或是对现实问题的功利性的主题解释，后者来源于18世纪的法国及法国革命传统，即政治化、功利化的行动主义传统。18世纪的法国启蒙主义哲学家，像文艺复兴早期的公民人文者一样，崇尚积极活跃的生活，不赞成沉思默想的生活，对形而上学没有兴趣，关心此时此地的人生中的实际问题——道德的、心理的、社会的问题，他们对人类的前途充满了信心，对历史的进步具有毫不怀疑的信念。

The educational technology has the very intense practical orientation, but because this practical orientation is too powerful, it causes the researchers of educational technology can be unable to stop to think some basic theory questions, and be far away from asking educational technology some ultimate questions about educational technology. So it has caused that afer semicentennial developing educational technology still exit some questions such as confusing, the reality helpless, deficient theory, although it has obtained many encouraging performance, but it is unsuitable that educational technology is the commanding point of education reform and the breach status. Facing these conditions, educational technology needs carry on reviewing and looking up in historical and reality multiple field, needs integrate and conclude for obtained studying results, needs reflect on own level, and need to have the big breakthrough in the discipline elementary theory construction.

教育技术具有非常强的实践价值取向，但这种实践取向的过于强大往往使得教育技术的研究者们无法停下来思考本领域一些基本的理论问题，因此直接导致了教育技术学在经历了半个多世纪的学科建设历程之后，尽管取得了诸多可喜的成绩，但是依旧存在理论与实践研究的诸多问题，这对于面临新技术的发展和世界范围的教育改革浪潮而给予的教育技术作为教育改革的制高点和突破口的地位是极不相称的，教育技术学迫切需要在历史与现实的多重视野中进行回顾与前瞻，对已经获得研究成果进行综合和归纳，需要对学科自身进行深层次反思。

The ideal simple pendulum movement is not practical though it is simple,and the practical case comes from the correction and improvement of the ideal case.

理想的单摆运动虽然简单却不实际，实际情况需要在理想情况的基础上进行修正和改进。

Based on the load transmission mechanism of space truss, and referenced theanalysis of test materials, a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of reinforcedconcrete compression strut is introduced. By using the theory of plastic hinge-line, anupper limit solution of bent bearing capacity for four-pile cap, which coincidesprecisely with the practical measurements, is obtained. By utilizing the reaction ofthe soil under cap and by basing on the method of plastic ultimate analysis, an upperlimit solution of punching shear bearing capacity for pile cap is acquired, which. coincides precisely with the practical measurements, and the formula is similar to thecode.A brief discuss on cooperative work of strip beam of foundation and single rankof piles is made. Separately considering the pile-cap and the pile-group, thencoupling their matrix of rigidity, the inner force of pile-cap is solved by the numericalmethod under some reasonable supposition. In comparison with other method, thecalculating results are exact, reliable and convenient in using. The method provides apowerful tQol fOr further analysis and research on this kind of structure.

本文以空间桁架传力机理为基础，结合试验资料分析，推导了钢筋混凝土等边三桩承台受冲切承载力计算公式；根据塑性铰线理论，导得了与试验结果吻合良好的四桩承台受弯承载力的上限解；利用承台底土反力分布，根据塑性极限分析方法，导得了桩基承台受冲切承载力的上限解，在此基础上，通过简化假定，得到与规范公式相类似的承台受冲切承载力实用公式，该公式能方便考虑台底土反力作用，与试验结果的吻合程度比规范公式好；简要讨论了桩基条形承台梁与单排桩的协同工作分析；在一些合理假定的基础上，将承台与群桩分开考虑，分别得到其刚度矩阵后进行耦合，通过数值方法求解承台内力，算例表明，该方法结果准确，使用方便，为该类结构的进一步分析研究及工程设计提供了强有力的工具。

Chinese traditional virtue is humility and wariness,the compliment and praise to the others should be declination

中国人的传统美德是谦虚谨慎，对别人的恭维和夸奖应是推辞。如

We bought this house on the never-never.

我们以分期付款的方式买下这座房子。