查询词典 polymorphism

Analyzing the DNA Polymorphism: 14 random primers were selected to analyze the DNA polymorphism of 13 species of Melampsora larici-populina, the result indicates: The isolates of MLP have resemblance and difference, thee differences reflect the DNA Polymorphism of them.But the Polymorphism is not related to their origin.the result is consistent with departed one.

2DNA多态性分析：用所选出的14条随机引物对13种落叶松-杨栅锈菌进行RAPD分析，发现落叶松—杨栅锈菌菌种之间既有一定相似性，又具有明显的遗传多态性且多态性与地理来源没有必然的相关性，这与以往的结论相一致。

The progress levels of symptoms after pathogen infection showed that interaction of gray leaf spot pathogen and host has differentiation or polymorphism. The progress levels of symptoms is different.The aggressively has polymorphism. The pathogenicity of different isolates in same cultivar has polymorphism, or the host reaction type of same isolate in different cultivars has polymorphism.The host reaction type has differentiation. There are seven types of host reaction in cultivar and inbred after infected by GLS pathogen:Rectangular lesion without chlorotic halo, Rectangular lesion with chlorotic halo,Irregular lesion without chlorotic halo,Irregular lesion with chlorotic halo, Spot lesion with chlorotic halo,Rectangular and irregular lesionand Rectangular and spot lesion. The host reaction type is coalesced lesion when disease severely. Frequency of each reaction types is different.

通过对玉米灰斑病菌侵染后的显症过程的系统观察，可在组织水平上说明该病菌与寄主互作反应存在分化或多样性：玉米灰斑病菌不同菌株侵染后显症过程表现出明显的差异；玉米灰斑病菌在侵袭力上存在多样性，菌株间对同一种品种的致病性表现多样化，或者同一菌株对不同品种侵染引起的寄主反应表现为多样性；病斑反应型的分化，玉米灰斑病菌侵染玉米品种或自交系后，主要有7种病斑反应类型，即RH型、RN型、IRH型(不规则形具褪绿晕圈病斑)、IRN型(不规则形无褪绿晕圈病斑)、SH型、RI型(长矩形与不规则形混合病斑)和RS型(长矩形与斑点形混合病斑)，若发病严重，病斑连成片，而且这些反应类型出现的频率也不同。

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

In order to understand insertion/delation polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in pilots,and to explore the relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and the perfomance of the pilots,the polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the genotypes for an I/D polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene in 118 pilots and 96 healthy subjects as controls.

为了解飞行员血管紧张素转换酶基因插入或缺失多态性情况，探讨ACE基因多态性与飞行员耐力可能的关系，用聚合酶链反应扩增技术检测118例飞行员和96例健康对照者的ACE基因I/D多态性。

Locusts, some caterpillars, castes of social insects, alary polymorphism in crickets, aphids and other Homoptera, and color polymorphism of butterflies are examples of insect polymorphism.

同一性别昆虫，还可分化成具有不同形态和生殖机能的，或在其&家族&中负担不同职能的个体群。蚂蚁、白蚁、蜜蜂等社会性昆虫，除雌雄二型外，还有职蚁和职蜂。

Different genotypes were determined in Luxi monotocous cows, Luxi twinning cows, Chinese Simmental cows, Angus cows and Simmental×Mongolia cows by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The value of polymorphism information content indicated that this was a moderate polymorphism in Luxi monotocous cows and Luxi twinning cows.

运用PCR-RFLP法验证并分析该位点在鲁西牛双胎群体和单胎群体及中国西门塔尔牛、安格斯牛和西蒙杂交牛单胎群体间的多态性，结果表明，在鲁西牛双胎和单胎群体中分布A、B两个等位基因，处于中度多态。

ALb and Ams of Angora and Tibetan foat had only one phenotype,they did not present polymorphism.The Tf of Angora goat had not polymorphism,but that of Tibetan goat had its polymorphism,The Akp,LDH and Es in goats of both breeds had polymorphisms,eapecially the phenotype of Es was more complex.

安哥拉山羊和藏山羊 Hb、Alb 和 Amy 均只有一种表型，未表现出多态性，安哥拉山羊 Tf 也无多态性，藏山羊则有多态性；而两个品种山羊的 AKP、LDH 和 Es 均表现出多态性，尤其是 Es 的表型更为复杂。

Kanzawa pointed, the abdominal vertebra BMD of PTH gene individuals in BB genetype is obviously higher than those of Bb and bb genetype,so he considered that the BstBI polymorphism of PTH gene has dependability with BMD while the DraⅡpolymorphism of PTH gene has no dependablity with BMD.3 The polymorphism of estrogen receptor gene and postmenopausal osteoporosisPMOP is a metabolic bone disease existing in post-menopause femmes, as a result of these femmes\' hypofunction of ovary,ESG level drawdown and the disequilibrium of bone couple procedure,the bone resorption of osteoclast exceeds the bone formation of osteoblastic,osteopenia and bone fragility accrescence have developed,then induces fracture and so on.

Kanzawa等研究发现，BB型PTH基因人的腰椎BMD较Bb、bb型显著为高，认为PTH基因BstBⅠ多态性与BMD有相关性；但PTH基因DraⅡ多态性则与BMD无相关性。三雌激素受体基因多态性与绝经后骨质疏松绝经后骨质疏松是指绝经后妇女由于体内卵巢功能低下，雌激素水平低落，骨偶联过程失衡，破骨细胞的骨吸收大于成骨细胞的骨形成作用所导致的骨量减少，骨脆性增加，进而易于发生骨折的代谢性骨疾病。

①Location of WD gene in Ch inese: Using pairwise linkage analysis and multipoint linkage analysis method, w e constructed a genetic map of DNA markers within D13q14.2-3 which refined the location of WD gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite polymorphism analysis;②Screen for mutations of WD gene in Chinese people: we detected the structure of 21 exons of WD ge ne in 45 patients from 39 pedigrees by PCR-SSCP(Single strand conformation poly morphism) and PCR-DNA sequencing technology, found a new mutation in exon 5 and nuclcotide sequence analysis showed it is a T insertion. We also conformed the Arg778Leu in exon 8, the highest frequence mutation point in Chinese people, wit h mutation rate 22.8%in total;③Carrier detection and presymptomatic diagnosi s of WD: Based on DNA recombination technology, we peformed successfully the gen e diagnosis in all individuals of 79 families with WD and built up a helpful spe cific enzyme cut method (PCR-Msp1) to detect the carrier and presympomatic patients in Chinese pe ople with WD.

①WD的基因定位研究：通过RFLP及微卫星多态性分析，应用两位点及多位点连锁软件，建立了中国人WD基因在D13q14.2-3区域的精细遗传连锁图谱，从而首次对中国人WD基因进行了精确定位；②WD基因突变研究：应用PCR-SSCP及DNA测序技术，对39个家系45名WD患者进行该致病基因的21个外显子突变筛选，发现WD基因5号外显子存在新的T插入突变，并证实中国人WD基因的突变热点为8号外显子，突变形式为Arg778Leu，其频率为22.8%；③WD的症状前诊断和杂合子检出：应用DNA重组技术对79个家系进行基因诊断，成功地进行了WD的症状前诊断和杂合子检出，并建立了WD的基因筛选的PCR-Msp 1酶切方法。

STR locidistribute extensively and have higher information, polymorphism, and its heredity is based on Mondel codominant inheritance. We usehalf-quantitative analysis of STR polymorphism loci, to set up a clinicalpractical method that is highly accurate in rapidly detecting and prenatalgene diagnosing Down syndrome.

STR广泛分布于人类基因组中，一般认为，人类基因组平均每6～10Kb就有一个STR基因座，STR有高度多态性并遵循孟德尔共显性遗传，具有操作简便、分型准确和丰富的多态信息量等特点，已成为第二代DNA分析技术的核心。

The two-acre Dunbar Community Garden in Little Rock has served as a model for several years.

几年来，坐落于小石城，占地两英亩的邓巴社区菜园树立了一个标杆。

Jerry points to the jacket hanging in the bathroom. It's ruined, and unwearable What?

杰瑞指着洗手间里挂着的夹克，毁了，不能穿了）什么？