查询词典 phylogenetic development

This phenomenon warrants further study. 4. Phylogeny study on Croomia and Stemona The relationship of the genus and the taxonomic placement of Stemonaceae The phylogenetic tree of matK, trnL-F, atpB-rbcL and ITS sequences data indicated that it was natural to place Stemona and Croomia in one family.

黄精叶钩吻属和百部属的分子系统学研究百部科属间关系和科的系统地位叶绿体DNA(matK、trnL-F和atpB-rbcL)及核DNA序列构建的系统树显示Stemona和Croomia形成稳定的单系类群，表明将这两个属放在同一个科是自然的，不支持将Croomia独立成科。

Japonicus used in this experimentation is matemal inheritance.5 Sequence analysis of mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI gene and molecular phylogeny of four species of sea cucumber500 bp 16S rRNA and 540 bp COI fragment were obtained by PCR method from mitochondrial DNA of four species of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, Holothuria fuscogilva, Cucumaria frondosa and Mensamaria intercedens. Variable sites, nucleotide diversity, average number of nucleotide differences and average number of nucleotide substitutions per site were calculated to analyze sequence difference, and phylogenetic trees were constructed by the NJ and ME method.

结果显示在来自这5组家系的100个后代中仅检测到母本的单倍型，刺参的线粒体遗传模式表现为典型的母系遗传。5 4种海参16S rRNA和COI基因片段序列比较及系统学研究采用PCR技术对山东荣成、长岛、俄罗斯和日本的刺参，黄乳海参，北大西洋瓜参，二色桌片参的16S rRNA和COI基因片段进行了扩增和测序，分别得到了长度约为500 bp和540 bp的片段。

After the multiple sequence alignments, the sequence variation analyses were conducted and the molecular phylogenetic trees of Cypraeidae were reconstructed with NJ, MP and bayesian methods, using Prosimnia semperi of Cypraeacea as an outgroup.

其次，用自测的宝贝科11种软体动物的mtDNA COI基因序列，结合得自GenBank上的18种宝贝科软体动物的同源序列，用NJ法、ML法以及贝叶斯法构建了分子系统树。

The phylogenetic analyses revealed three groups within Cyprinidae. The subfamily Danioninae was on the base, Barbine and Leuciscine formed sister group.

系统发育树的拓扑结构显示鲤科鱼类分为三个类群，波鱼类群位于系统树的基部，鲃系与雅罗鱼系互为姊妹群。

Using "neighbor-joining" of Mega 2.1 software reconstructed the molecular Phylogenetic Tree, the results indicated Labeoninae fishes might not be monophyletic population, C.molitorella and E.bicolor of Labeoninae assembled together with Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus firstly, and formed sister group, then assembled together with C.mrigala and L.rohita , which suggested that C.molitorella was genetically more relative to Cyprinidae than Labeoninae.

用Mega 2.1软件的NJ法构建分子系统树，结果表明：野鲮亚科鱼类没有形成单系类群，野鲮亚科的鲮、角鱼与鲤亚科的鲤、鲫形成姐妹群，然后再与野鲮亚科的麦鲮和露斯塔野鲮聚在一起，说明鲮与鲤亚科鱼类具有较近的亲缘关系。

The RT-PCR product was inserted into pTG19-T vector and transformed into E. coli successfully. By blastn, the sequence results of Kunming mus musculus were in complete accordance with the conservative sequence of Genbank NR_003278 (791bp-1153bp). By Blastn in NCBI, the sequence with little difference among animals was confirmed to be conservative. After Blastn, fourteen complete CDS coding for different animals were chosen. According to VECTOR NIT 9.0 software, the similarities between Kunming mus musculus and bos taurus, homo sapiens, erinaceus europaeus, cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa, dasypus novemcinctus, rattus norvegicus, rabbit, equus caballus, macaca fascicularis, didelphis virginiana, monodelphis domestica and vombatus ursinus was 67%, 100%, 100%, 36%, 100%, 100%, 67%, 100%, 100%, 92%, 99%, 99% and 99%. In the phylogenetic tress constructed with the forteen 18S rRNA by Treeview, the Kunming mus musculus clustered with cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa and rabbit, which was nearer to cricetulus griseus and was most far away from macaca fascicularis.(3) After sencodary structure analyses of 18S rRNA of mus musculus, an oligonucleotide fragment for RNAi was designed and synthesized, which was transformed into plasmid, and restriction enzyme analyses and sequencing results should the expression plasmid pGPH1/ GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA were constructed for RNAi successfully.

结果①通过RT-PCR检测显示18S rRNA基因在小鼠卵巢组织和单个GV期、MⅠ期卵母细胞中均有表达，且在未成熟卵母细胞中，MⅠ期的表达明显强于GV期的表达；②RT-PCR产物克隆测序结果显示：昆明小鼠18S rRNA基因保守区序列与基因库序列[NR_003278保守区部分(791bp～1153bp)]完全一致；Blastn比对结果发现：在不同物种中差异较小，选出14种生物18S rRNA全序列经VECTOR NIT 9.0软件分析，提示昆明小鼠18SrRNA与牛、人类、刺猬、中国仓鼠、猪、犰狳、褐鼠、兔子、马、食蟹猴、负鼠、短尾猊、袋熊的18S rRNA的相似率依次为67%，100%，100%，36%，100%，100%，67%，100%，100%，92%，99%，99%，99%；Clustal 1.81和Treeview构建出的分子进化树表明：在上述14种生物中昆明小鼠与中国仓鼠进化关系最近，与兔子、猪聚成一簇，与食蟹猴进化关系最远；③根据18S rRNA二级结构设计并合成RNA干扰寡核苷酸片段，重组质粒经过限制性内切酶及测序表明成功构建了pGPH1/GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA干扰表达质粒。

The present paper also reviewed the studies on chromosomes in Decapoda and preilminarily analysed the phylogenetic relationships of Palaemoninae karyotypes.

本文还综述了十足类甲壳动物染色体研究进展，就十足类核型分析的方法学展开了讨论，对长臂虾亚科核型演化关系进行了初步分析。

The gene arrangement features at nad3–nad5 and nad5–nad4 junctions contain useful information for phylogenetic inference of the advanced groups within the Decapoda.

而对基因排列顺序的系统发生研究结果提示，在十足类进化分支的系统发生上，nad3-nad5 和 nad5-nad4 基因连接部的基因排列性状是有用的信息。

For instance, the cell density of the cortex decreases with phylogenetic ascent, whereas the length and quality of dendrites increases.

例如，皮质的细胞密度随著种系发展的提升而下降，而神经元树突的长度与品质则随之上升。

SQUA genes of Dendrocalamus latiflorus were sequenced, and phylogenetic form on SQUA genes in angiosperms was analyzed. Relative rate and adaptive evolution after SQUA gene duplication in recent common ancestor of monocots and eudicots were analyzed using the methods of relative rate test, statistic on synonymous and non-synonymous coden substitution sites and likelihood rate test.

测定了麻竹的SQUA基因序列并分析了被子植物中SOUA类基因的系统发育式样；采用相对速率检验、同义与非同义置换位点统计以及似然比检验方法，分析了单子叶和真双子叶植物最近共同祖先中SQUA基因发生基因重复后的进化速率与适应机制。

A historical region of southwest France between the Pyrenees and the Garonne River. The duchy of Aquitaine was joined with France after the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to King Louis VII in1137, but its possession was disputed after her subsequent marriage to Henry II of England.

阿基坦法国西南部一个历史地区，位于比利牛斯山和加隆河之间，在1137年阿基坦的埃莉诺与国王路易斯七世结婚之后阿基坦公国加入法国，但当她再嫁英国亨利二世后，其归属权便受到争议

There are moments when I look at the smiling , happy faces of my expectant staff and wonder how they will cope when confronted by an outraged housemaster along with an unrepentant and recalcitrant bleached blond teenager in 18 years ' time .

有时候，我看着那些满怀期待的员工微笑，幸福的脸，想着当他们遇到一位愤怒的宿舍管理员和一位不知悔改，叛逆，而且将头发染成白色的18岁少年时，他们会如何处理。