查询词典 philosophy

This article examines anew the phenomena of the annotation in Chinese ancient philosophy and concludes as follows by analyzing some examples of the annotation in Chinese ancient philosophy: the essence of the annotation in Chinese ancient philosophy is to express the thought of the annotator in the structure-meaning-language of Classics text, the annotation in Chinese ancient philosophy is a philosophical writing way of the ancient Chinese philosophers, not the method of semantics of ancient Chinese language.

本文通过对"易注"样本的分析以及相关方面的考察，重新理解了中国传统哲学中的注释现象，得出了如下的结论：中国传统哲学中的注释，其实质乃是用母本的结构语义来表达注释者的思想；这种注释不是寻求原义的语义训诂，而是中国古代哲学家的一种哲学写作方式。

At the same time, as a contemporary philosophy, it is significant for the culture philosophy to construct the new form of Chinese Marxist philosophy in the aspect of the ontological question of the philosophy, thinking tools, research paradigm and so on.

同时，文化哲学作为一种现当代哲学，在哲学的本体论提问方式、思维工具和研究范式等方面对于构建马克思主义哲学新形态有着重要的意义。

Now the so-called "model transformation" is to advance the development and prosperity of Marxism philosophy, overcome the dogmatism and sectarianism tendency, return to the track of the total. spirit of Marxism philosophy, further display the practicality, the criticalness and openness characteristic of Marxism philosophy, show the bosom and the depth boundary of Marxism philosophy as the theory of emancipation of mankind.

我们现在所谓的"范式转换"，是为了更好地推进马克思主义哲学的发展和繁荣，克服教条主义、宗派主义的倾向，回到符合马克思主义哲学总体精神的轨道上来，进一步彰显马克思主义哲学的实践性、批判性和开放性的特征，彰显马克思主义哲学作为人类解放的学说的胸襟和境界。

Fichte's theory of self-identity represents a significant leap in philosophy. If it can be said that ancient Greek philosophy realizes the existence of the self in wisdom, and enlightenment philosophy establishes the existence of the self in knowledge, then Fichte offers an insight into the innate nexus between action and self-existence, providing genuine practical elements for a theory of existence in modern philosophy.

费希特的同一自我理论表明一个重要的飞跃，如果说古希腊的哲学是在智慧中实现自我的存在，包括康德在内的启蒙哲学在知识中确立自我的存在，那么费希特已洞察到行动与自我存在的内在关系，为现代哲学的存在观设计了实践的真实元素。

In the course of"return to Marx", Hegelianism is an important factor. Young Lukacs opens a way to study Hegelian Marxism; old Lukacs still insists on that the study of Hegel is indispensable to the study of Marxist philosophy. Just by study of the relation of Hegelian philosophy and Marxist philosophy, Lukacs grasps the developing track of Marxian philosophy.

在卢卡奇"回到马克思"的过程中，黑格尔哲学始终是一个不可忽略的因素，早期卢卡奇开创了黑格尔式的马克思主义研究的先河；晚期卢卡奇仍然把对黑格尔的研究当作研究马克思哲学的必备知识和必要途径，他正是通过研究黑格尔哲学和马克思哲学的关系，搞清楚了马克思哲学的形成轨迹。

Then on the basis of western existential, we analyze definite meaning of the existential, explore the existential philosophy of the traditional philosophy plight of abandoned and beyond. Basing on this demonstration of the praxis category with the existential meaning. Marx pointed out in the innateness of human, natural fact, the natural state of survival reached the general attention, existential significance of praxis can be fully reflected. And explained that Marxist philosophy in the modern existential philosophy of the founders position.

之后以西方生存论为基础对生存论的内涵进行了分析和界定，探讨了生存论哲学对传统哲学理论困境的扬弃与超越，在此基础上通过考察马克思在对人的本然、实然、应然的生存状态的总体性关注中所体现的实践范畴所具有的生存论意蕴，并说明了马克思哲学在现代生存论哲学中的奠基性地位。

Wundt'sestablishment of experimental psychology was a positivereaction to the theoretical crisis then faced by philosophydue to the end of philosophy's modern formulation.The Wundtianbrand of German psychology as a theoretical system wasdeveloped in philosophy's contemporary stmosphere but which,unfortunately,took philosophy's modern spirit as itsfoundation.Wundt's pychology as philosophy was thus doomed tobe out of date denied by the history of philosophy itself.

冯特心理学的理论企图，是想在现代哲学背景下，以自然科学的实证方法为依托，以它的"科学"形式为理想，建立一个以近代哲学精神为基础的理论体系，并因而构成心理学的一个相对独立的历史：它是哲学在尚未探明由其传统形式的终结而造成的理论危机的实质时以某种不得要领的新颖形式而兴起的；当哲学终于探明它的危机的实质并因而得以确立它的现代旨趣后，它便自然地趋于消亡。

The paper considers that urban planning methodology is composed with three parts. They are philosophy foundation, noetic methodology and operational methods. The philosophy foundation of urban planning methodology under the framework of multi-rationality composes of Marxist philosophy with materialistic dialectic and historical dialectic as the core, western philosophy such as humanism, verificationism, and historism etc., oriental philosophy centralized on synthesis and unison. The noetic methodology of urban includes micro logical noetic methods macro visual noetic methods and micro-macro creative noetic methods. The urban planning operational method includes the route, process and techniques needed in practice.

其中，城市规划方法的哲学基础是在总体的复合理性框架之下，由以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为核心的马克思主义哲学，人本主义、实证主义、历史主义等西方哲学以及强调综合调和、天人合一的东方哲学思想所构成；城市规划思维方法体系，是城市规划过程中思考问题的角度及处理问题的方法论的总和，包括微观的逻辑思维方法、宏观的形象思维方法和宏微结合的创造性思维方；城市规划操作方法体系是直接用于城市规划实践的方法归纳和概括，包括城市规划的方法路线、程序组织、技术方法等等。

The introduction and more and more adaption to china of Marxism philosophy is also the process of the evolution of Chinese philosophical mode of thinking ,which shows that Chinese philosophy is trying to face Chinese taditional philosophy and western philosophy with true animadverting mode of thinking and to creatively eradicate the realistic problems of current China within the structure of Marxism philosophy.

马克思哲学的传入和进一步中国化同时也是中国哲学思维方式变革的历程，它表明中国哲学试图真正以批判的思维方式面对中国传统哲学和西方哲学，以马克思哲学为基础创造性地解决当代中国的实际问题。

The understandings of overstepping "practical philosophy" and practical ontology pay attention toMarx"s change on the starting point of philosophy, it closely understands Marx"s revolutionary change on philosophy, but that Marx oversteps Feuerbach is not to make his philosophy overstep the opposite between materialism and idealism, but to make his philosophy proceed on the way of materialism, and develop to be practical materialism.

超越的&实践哲学&理解和&实践本体论&理解注意到了马克思在哲学出发点上的转换，这接近了理解马克思在哲学上的革命变革，但马克思超越费尔巴哈不是使他的哲学超越唯物唯心的对立，而是使他的哲学在唯物主义道路上前进，上升为实践的唯物主义。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。