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The thesis can be divided into five parts as follows: First, the structural characteristics of finned-pipe evaporator are analyzed. After selecting suitable microelement controller, the heat-transfer and mass-transfer processes are analyzed for every microelement under the conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness. Based on previous equations, some parameters of frostiness are confirmed and the frost-growing model is set up under frost condition. Some hypotheses are postulated and with the help of the equation of mass-conservation, energy-conservation and momentum-conservation, the evaporation model which fits in the dynamic simulation is built, which set a solid foundation for system simulation. Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. Third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet-parameter on evaporator. Fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio-parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping.

本文的主要内容如下：1对翅片管蒸发器结构特点进行分析，选取适当的微元控制体，就干、湿和霜工况下对每个微元分别进行传热传质分析，基于经验关系式确定霜的有关参数，对于霜工况下的霜生长建立模型，经适当假设，运用质量守恒、能量守恒和动量守恒方程建立适合动态仿真的蒸发器数学模型，为系统仿真奠定基础； 2对蒸发在大扰动下的开、停机过程，运用动态集中参数模型进行分析和计算，为更好地描述制冷系统运行的全过程奠定基础，同时也为制冷系统实现自动控制提供一定的理论基础； 3对蒸发器正常运行过程，运用动态分布参数和参数间定量耦合的观点来分析和计算，为更好地了解稳态工况下各点参数的变化情况及各入口参数对蒸发器动态特性的影响即蒸发器性能对各参数变化的敏感性； 4编写翅片管蒸发器动态特性仿真计算程序，可以计算不同边界条件和初始条件下的制冷剂热力参数、空气温湿度和霜厚度分布场，实现对翅片管蒸发器在干、湿和霜工况下的动态仿真。

METHODS: Total 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., normal control group , DMN model group , large dose treatment group , middle dose treatment group, small dose treatment group and Dongbao gantai treatment group. The liver fibrotic model was induced by i.p. dimethylnitrosamine for 4wk. The relative herbs were given after model establishment in each treatment group and the administration lasted for 6 weeks. Decollate to get the blood and The serum hepatofibrosis indexes, hyaluronic acid, collagen IV, pro-collagen type III and laminin were measuredwith radioimmunoassay. SOD and MDA were measured with biochemistry method. The liver pathological changes were observed in each group of rats.

将60只雄性Wistar大鼠随即机分正常对照组、模型对照组、实验大剂量组(20ml/kg/d)、实验中剂量组(10ml/kg/d)、实验小剂量组(5ml/kg/d)及东宝肝泰药物对照组；腹腔注射二甲基亚硝胺制备大鼠肝纤维化模型，连续灌胃6周，断头取血，生化检测血清SOD、MDA；放射免疫法测定血清HA、LN、PCIII及IV-C；取肝左叶做HE染色和Mallory胶原染色，观察肝病理组织学改变。

The business model of this system is: The purchasing agent who operates the authority log-in www.gdmec.net, beginning direct purchase, this system offers two to purchase the entry , which are establish inquiry sheet manually and establish inquiry sheet in Synchronism, after entering procedure of purchasing , choosing the products from supplier's catalogue of purchasing, confirming inquiry sheet that is salesman of supplier that send , then filling in the basic information of the inquiry sheet, then sending the inquiry sheet; Then fill in the basic information of the inquiry sheet , then send the inquiry sheet; The supplier's salesman receives after the inquiry sheet, and then the products that will buy are offered to purchasing, purchase and then get quotation sheet can carry on counter-offer and carry on the rate of exchange to different quotation of supplier to receive, supplier offer and purchase square course of counter-offer not to can circulate, satisfied with quotation of supplier until purchase, the purchasing agent chooses to offer a satisfactory supplier and carry on the fixed price , turn into the order, the supplier receives after the order wanting to provide and respond, after accepting the order, should purchase the procedure and end .

本系统的业务模型为：具有操作权限的采购员登录国电物资商务网，进行直接采购，本系统提供两个采购入口，分别为手动创建询价单和同步创建询价单，在进入采购流程后，从供应商采购目录中选择产品，并确定该询价单要发送的供应商的销售员，接着填写询价单的基本信息，然后发送询价单；供应商的销售员接收到询价单后，针对采购方要购买的产品进行报价，采购方接收到报价单后可以进行还价和对不同的供应商的报价进行比价，供应商报价和采购方还价的过程可以循环，直到采购方满意供应商的报价为止，采购员选择报价满意的供应商进行定价，生成订单，供应商接收到订单后要给出回应，接受订单后，该采购流程宣告结束。

Through detailed analyzing some influencing factiors of sand liquefaction, seven parameters were selected as assessment indexes. They are earthquake magnitude, peak ground surface acceleration, standard penetration value, specific penetration resistance, relative compaction, average particle diameter, and water table. The extension assessment model has been established that was applied to assessment of sand liquefaction potential. The model had been trained by the historical data and has been assessed in virtue of sand liquefaction from the historical data by simulating, and got a excellent result. After introduction of the support vector machine theory, this paper established the assessment model of sand liquefaction based on the support vector machine, and assessed in sand liquefaction from virtue data of some fields in home and overseas with the tool Libsvm, which was programmed based on the support vector machine theory. And got a good coherency between the assessement results and the actual liquefaction.

在详细分析影响砂土液化因素的基础上，选取了震级M、地面最大加速度g_、标准贯入击数N_(63.5)、比贯入阻力P_s、相对密实度D_r、平均粒径D_(50)、地下水位d_w等7个参数作为评价指标，建立了砂土液化势的可拓评价模型，并对历史数据进行仿真评价，取得了较好的应用效果；在对支持向量机的理论进行介绍后，本文建立了基于支持向量机的砂土液化势评价模型，并利用在基于支持向量机理论的Libsvm软件，对若干国内外场地的现场实测数据进行了评价，评价结果与现场表现基本上一致。

Chapter 2 establishes a helicoid model of the 3D curved shock surface, which is a fundamental means for investigating the sweep of the 3D shock surface In chapter 3, the first step is to make definitions and detail concepts about various viewpoints of shock surface sweep. Secondly, those sweep angles of the 3D shock are calculated. After that, with the aid of the helicoid model, two general structure similarity variables are derived which are independent of any model, and their importance in shock structure investigations is discussed.

第三章首先给出激波曲面掠的各种基本概念，计算相应掠角；又借助螺面模型得到一般性的掠相似参数，并分析了它在激波结构研究中的意义，设想了激波气动掠参数的测量方法；第四章依据螺面模型探讨了前缘曲线掠与前缘激波曲面掠的关系，可能存在的均匀激波曲面、简单非均匀激波曲面和它们的运动学设计方法，其中得到一些很有用的概念。

Moreover, after analyzing the basic theory of each model, each model is depicted in detail from core information processes identification, information process map description and reengineering processing. In the end, each model is analyzed with a specific example.

在分析各自基本理论的前提下，从核心信息流识别、信息流程图描述、重组方法与过程等方面对三个模型作了较为详细的阐述，并分别以具体案例进行了分析。

Firstly, This paper processes geometry filtration based on character of orbit's apogee and perigee after orbit model is analyzed and based. Secondly Space Debris is separated into two kinds, coplanar and not coplanar according as location interrelation of target and debris. In Dynamic filtration's processing, considering prediction time limit and orbit perturbation, secular effects which have increaser effect is considered so that some need catching danger time point is appeased, some law about time when target and debris pass intersectant line each other is inferred, when debris and object are in different plane and some similar law also is inferred otherwise. The time list is arithmetical progression. These laws can improve calculation efficiency remarkably; Lastly orbit predict is a course approaching least distance. Danger time point in the last step become beginning time point from which debris and object's position and velocity are calculated by SXP4 Model which is an analytic model.By result, determine that relative movement trend is closer or apart, farther calculate the interval apart from time when predictive least relative distance occurs. Least relative distance and time when least distance occurs is calculated finally. It is a fast approach course adopting varied interval.

本文在分析、建立轨道摄动计算模型的基础上，首先采用基于轨道远、近地点特征对大量编目在册的空间碎片进行初步几何静态筛选，然后根据碎片与目标轨道面的相对位置特点把碎片分为异面与准共面两种情况以进行动态筛选，在筛选过程中考虑到预报时限长度和轨道摄动影响，引入了轨道摄动中具有积累效应的长期项以满足危险时间点的捕捉要求，利用了长期项摄动变化线性的特点导出了碎片与目标异面情况下各自过交线的时间序列成准等差数列的规律性和准共面情况下类似的规律性，从而显著地提高了前期轨道筛选的计算效率；最后对剩余危险碎片和目标飞行器利用SXP4轨道预报模型在前期轨道筛选的基础上以各个危险探测时间点为预报的时间起点，并根据预报计算结果，分析目标和碎片在该时间点的运动趋势是相互远离还是相互接近，推出预计最小相对距离发生时刻相对此刻的时间长度，得到其随时间变化的局部最小相对距离以及危险距离发生的时刻和相对速度，这是一个采用变时间步长、快速逼近最小相对距离的过程。

RESULTS: Compared with NS control group, the ratio of HW/BW, LVW/BW and the content of hydroxyproline, AngⅡ, MDA and iNOS activity in the left ventricle were significantly increased. The cNOS, SOD, GSH-Px activities and NO content were obriously decreased in the ISO model group. After treatment with PNS, the left ventricular NO content, cNOS, SOD and GSH-Px activities were markedly higher than those in ISO model group. The content of MDA, AngⅡ and iNOS activities and the ratio of HW/BW, LVI were significantly lower than those in ISO model group.

结果：ISO模型组大鼠的HW/BW、LVI、左心室HyP、AngⅡ、MDA含量和诱生型NOS活性显著高于生理盐水对照组，SOD、GSH-Px及结构型NOS活性和NO含量明显比生理盐水对照组低；PNS治疗组左心室心肌组织中NO含量、cNOS、SOD和GSH-Px活性明显高于ISO模型组；MDA和AngⅡ含量及iNOS活性和心脏重量指数比ISO模型组低。

After the discussion of the static Markoff chain model,the dissertation establishs a normal set called Stat Model, which can be used to calculate a support probability of the experimental data sequence.The probability is a standard which is used to determine the existence of the abnormal behavior.Then an abnomal detection method based on the static Markoff chain model is discussed, and a detection arithmetic is brought forward, the results of experiment is given.

本文利用马尔可夫模型建立一个正常集，也就是统计模型，通过计算该模型对一个实际观测序列的支持概率来判断是否存在异常行为，并给出基于静态马尔可夫链的检测算法及其修正算法，最后给出实验结果。

We do research on the transitions between states of network protocol,the protocol misusage detection model based on Markov chain,the framework of the IDS technology and protocol anormity after we discuss the current technology. The main research contents of this paper include: research on transitions between states of network protocol and session process, protocol misuage and the anomaly detection model based on Markov chain, the research of intrusion detection framework, more accurately model based on the characteristic of the network traffic and so on.

在分析了现有入侵检测系统的基础上，本文围绕典型网络协议状态转换、基于马尔可夫链的检测模型、入侵检测技术框架、以及协议异常等几个方面展开深入研究，主要工作内容包括：典型网络协议转换状态的分析和会话过程的研究；基于马尔可夫链的网络异常检测模型；分布式的检测架构；针对网络流量特征而提出了精确的检测模型等。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。