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The topics include: development of mast cells and basophils, IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils, mechanisms of exocytosis, non-IgE-mediated activation and modulation of mast cells and basophils, description of mediators including those that are lipid-derived, proteases, proteoglycans and cytokines.

文章讨论的课题包括：肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的发育，IgE介导的肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的活化，胞吐作用的机制，非IgE介导的肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的活化和调节，这些课题中涉及到的介质包括：脂类衍生物，蛋白酶、蛋白聚糖和细胞因子等。

Cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response induced by ET-1 is mediated by ETA receptor coupled to PTX-sensitive G-protein, which involves at least two signalling pathways: PKC-mediated increase of ［Ca2+］i , and PKC-independent activation of ERKs.

ET-1主要通过ETA受体并经PTX敏感的G-蛋白介导心肌细胞肥大反应，该作用至少涉及两条途径：①通过PKC介导的心肌［Ca2+］i浓度增加；②不通过 PKC介导的ERKs激活。

In this study, to define the functional roles and mode of the upstream regulatory elements ofα-globin gene cluster,αMⅡwas obtained, in which the 31.7kb sequence including HS-33, HS-10、HS-8 and HS-4 was deleted by defective prophage mediated by the homologous recombination;αMⅢwas also constructed, in which the 35.4kb sequence including HS-40、HS-33、HS-10、HS-8 and HS-4 was deleted by the method of temperature sensitive shuttle vector mediated homologous recombination.

在此基础上，为了定义α-珠蛋白基因簇上游各调控元件的调控功能，并探讨其作用机制，本研究利用缺陷型原噬菌体介导的同源重组法修饰α-BAC，删除包括HS-33、HS-10、HS-8和HS-4在内长达31.7kb的序列得到BAC突变体αMⅡ；又利用温度敏感型的穿梭载体介导的同源重组法删除包括HS-40、HS-33、HS-10、HS-8和HS-4在内达35.4kb的序列，得到BAC突变体αMⅢ。

The results demonstrated that esterase-mediated metabolism plays an important role in phoxim resistance in the BK77-R strain, and enhanced detoxification mediated by both esterases and oxidases is an important factor conferring broad cross-resistance to different classes of insecticides.

上述结果表明，酯酶解毒代谢在棉铃虫BK77-R品系对辛硫磷的抗性中起重要作用，酯酶和多功能氧化酶解毒作用增强是该抗性品系对不同类型药剂产生交互抗性的重要原因。

Meanwhile,HDAC1 acetylation level is significantly increased.The overexpression of HDAC1 can promote erythroid cell proliferation and inhibits induced differentiation,the knockdown of HDAC1 or 2 inhibits erythroid cell proliferation and promotes induced differentiation.We also found that HDAC1 affects GATA1 mediated transcription activity.Thus our data revealed that HDAC1 may negatively regulate GATA1 mediated transcription and suggest that the dynamic regulation of GATA1 associated NuRD/MeCP1/HDAC1/HDAC2 complex may determine the onset of erythroid differentiation programs.Moreover,this study will eventually help to design new therapeutic approaches in treatment of leukemia.

研究发现在被诱导分化的小鼠红细胞白血病细胞中与GATA1相结合的HDAC1被乙酰化并失去活性，在血细胞中过表达HDAC1能够促进血细胞的增殖并抑制分化，反之在血细胞中敲除HDAC1或HDAC2能抑制血红细胞的增殖并促进分化，而且HDAC1能够负调控GATA1的转录活性，GATA1与NuRD/MeCP1复合体之间的动态调控，决定血红细胞分化的发生和发展，并为探索白血病的致病机理奠定了理论基础。

Surprisingly, overexpression of IRS-1 in A549 cells completely blocked TGF-β1–induced EMT and cell migration, inhibited TGF-β1–mediated expression of snail and slug genes, and abolished TGF-β1–mediated repression of E-cadherin promoter activity.

宋建国研究组发现了TGF-β1在诱导EMT过程中下调IRS-1酪氨酸磷酸化和蛋白水平的现象，并显示了较高的IRS-1的蛋白水平在抑制TGF-β1诱导的EMT和维持上皮细胞特征中的作用。

The Greek philosopher Pythagoras may have obtained his doctrine of metempsychosis (transmigration, or passage of the soul from one body to another) from India, mediated by Achaemenian (6th-4th century BC) Persia, but similar ideas were known in Egypt and were certainly present in Greece before the time of Pythagoras.

希腊哲学家毕达哥拉斯也许是以波斯的阿契美尼斯（公元前六世纪——四世纪）作为媒介，从印度那里得知灵魂转世（轮回，或者说是灵魂从一个身体走到另一个身体）的信条，但是类似的理念也被埃及人所知，当然是早于毕达哥拉斯时期就已经存在于希腊。

Through all this test analyse Pathogenicity and Immunological status of ALV-J Inner Mongolia strain, the result showed the infected chickens began to have pathological change of Myelcytomatosis at 3-week: the main pathological changes of acidophile myelocyte were found in bone marrow and between cardiac muscle fibers,and there were many granules in the hyalotome.This kind of oncocyte proliferated in every tissue at different amount, but the cells that proliferated in bone marrow, cardiac muscle fiber, oarium were much more than other tissue, and they often developed neoplasma. At same condition,there were no abnormalty advent in control group, In immunological aspect: the increase of lymphokine and ANAE positive cells showed cell-mediated immunity was strengthend during antineoplastic infection; the emergence of ALV-J antibody of ELISA suggest there was humoral immunity exist at the same time.

结果显示：脾脏PCR检测结果表明1、2两实验组均有阳性病例出现，而对照组全部为阴性，说明实验鸡体内已有ALV-J内蒙株感染；接种病毒后3周龄开始出现骨髓细胞瘤病的病理变化：肝脏、脾脏有程度不同的肿大，镜下观察，骨髓内最早出现了与骨髓细胞相似、形态基本一致的大型圆形或椭圆形、胞核较大多为椭圆形、胞浆内含有大量嗜酸性圆形颗粒的髓细胞样瘤细胞增生，随后通过血流瘤细胞可转移到肝脏、心肌、卵巢或睾丸等组织并形成肿瘤性病灶，而对照组没有出现明显病变；免疫状态方面：以脾脏淋巴因子和ANAE阳性细胞增多说明细胞免疫在抗肿瘤感染过程中增强，ELISA检验实验鸡抗体出现阳性的结果表明同时也存在着体液免疫。

Experiments show that Ang Ⅱ activates JNK mediated by AT〓, and JNK increases transcription activity of c-Jun by phosphorylating c-Jun amido-terminal, and induces expression of c-Fos gene. c-Jun and c-Fos form transcriptional factor activated protein-1 complex. AP-1 may stimulates genes which correlate with cardiovascular remodeling expression, such as transforming growth factor, collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ, skeletal muscle α-actin,β-MHC, atrial natriuretic factor.

实验表明，在心肌和血管平滑肌细胞Ang Ⅱ通过AT〓介导激活JNK；JNK通过磷酸化c-Jun氨基末端增加c-Jun的转录活性并诱导c-Fos基因表达，c-Jun和c-Fos蛋白形成转录因子复合物激活蛋白-1(AP-1)，并刺激各种心血管重塑相关基因如转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、Ⅰ，Ⅲ型胶原、骨骼肌α-actin、β-MHC(β-myosin heavy chain，β-肌球蛋白重链)、心钠素的表达。

Consequently the compounds of this invention may be advantageously used as therapeutic agents for HIV mediated process.

因此，本发明化合物可有效地用作HIV介导的过程的治疗剂。

No, it's unnecessary. I don't think I have a fever.

不，没有必要，我想我没有发烧。

We live in a culture of instant gratification.

我们生活在即时满足的文化中。