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Electromagnetic field theory,lumped-element circuit theoy and distributed circuit theory,based on maxwell′s equations,kirchhoff's laws,telegrapher's equation respectively,are the main methods to analyze electromagnetic problems.

0引言电磁场问题的"场"理论是基于Maxwell方程组的理论分析途径，这种分析方法归结为电磁场边值问题地求解，通常比较复杂而繁琐，原则上可以用来处理几乎所有得宏观电磁场问题。

The poets, one so praised, are lumped unceremoniously together in our textbooks, in one curt chapter.

那些名噪一时的诗人，在今天的教科书里已被毫不客气地挤在一起，列为短短的一章。

Based on variational principle and split-based interpolation finite element method for fast and accurate analysis of normal mode helical antenna,Combination of genetic algorithm and then load the normal mode helical antenna loaded on the value of lumped elements,Load location,and matching network integrated optimal design parameters,And using Sherman-morrisorr Woodbury formula to quickly solce the load component values and load the changed position of the impedance matrix equation to improve the efficiency of optimized design.

采用基于变分原理和剖分插值为基础的有限元法来快速精确分析法向模螺旋天线，然后结合遗传算法对加载法向模螺旋天线上的加载集总元件的值、加载位置以及匹配网络参数进行一体化优化设计，并采用Sherman-Morrisorr Woodbury公式来快速求解加载元件值和加载位置改变后的阻抗矩阵方程，提高优化设计的效率。

Using lumped-parameters method according to the parameters at the outlet of desuperheater and the control volume approach, the dynamic models of desuperheater were established . Enthalpy was used as the main variable in the model, thus many uncertain parameters could be avoided.

以减温器出口参数为集总参数的建模方法和分多段集总参数建模方法，分别建立了减温环节的动态数学模型，模型以焓值为主要变量，避免了大量不确定参数的引入。

Other peoplemay have obsessed over how he is not a pure point guard, and he was lumped inwith the me-first point guard movement.

其他人也许会感到迷惑的是为什麼他不是一个纯控球后卫，而他是一个&以我为先&的控球后卫。

Development of a 100 kV low impedance and nonuniformly lumped parameter Blumlein PFN.

kV低阻抗非均匀集中参数Blumlein脉冲形成网络的研制。

It is shown that the model can well simulates the daily runoff process in Hanzhong area and the model efficiency is similar to those of the lumped VIC and Xinanjiang Hydrological Model.Moreover,the proposed model considers the spatial variability of precipitation and underly...

结果表明，该模型能较好模拟汉中流域的日径流过程，其模拟精度与集总式VIC模型和集总式三水源新安江模型基本相当，但它充分考虑了研究流域内降水输入和下垫面条件的空间差异性，能够提供网格降水分布及流域内产汇流的分布状况，能进一步同中尺度MM5气象模式耦合，延长洪水预报的预见期。

9 Idealisation of beam for dynamic analysis: original beam; lumped mass model Fig.

2.9 Idealisation梁的动态分析：原梁；集中质量模型图。

9 Idealisation of beam for dynamic analysis: original beam; lumped mass modelFig.

2.9 Idealisation梁的动态分析：原梁；集中质量模型图。

A multiplayer chip LC resonator was fabricated using planar inductor and parallel plate capacitor. Because lumped inductor has small Q value and there is stray parameter effect in high permittivity substrate, the Q value of chip LC resonator is not high. Resonators based on λ/4 stripline with end short circuited were designed and fabricated. Input and output pads, coupled to the stripline using gap-coupling capacitor, are in the same layer with the center conductive strip. This new structure is very convenient for manufacturing in comparison with the conventional structure.

采用间隙电容耦合结构实现的谐振频率为1.8GHz四分之一波长终端短路带状线单端口谐振器的Q值最大值为225，谐振频率为1GHz双端口谐振器的Q值为83，谐振频率和Q值与耦合间隙、带状线的厚度和耦合引线长度有关；二分之一波长带状线谐振器的Q值和四分之一波长相比较尺寸较大，由于导电带较长，造成金属的损耗增加，从而导致谐振器的Q值较低；带状线结构的谐振器频率调节困难，本文提出了改变接地端的宽度实现谐振频率的微调方法，可实现频率调节量约1.5%。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。