查询词典 lower canopy

As compared with the traditional irrigation-traditional fertilization, the following results of the improved traditional irrigation-optimized fertilization were obtained: reduced tiller number per unit area, lower percentage of the tiller ear number/the tiller number, the decreased ear number per unit area, the greatly reduced grain number per ear (1999-2000) and like weight of 1, 000 grains; almost the same plant height; shorter base internode length, a bit more weight per unit internode length, longer internode length under ear; lower LAI values in middle and later stages; coincident process of dry matter accumulation from straight growth onwards, a little more dry matter accumulation amount from earing to maturity; shorter and thicker flag leaf, 2〓 leaf, 3〓 leaf and 4〓 leaf from top, reduced total area of these leave; bigger mean canopy leaf tilt angle, smaller light extinction coefficient , higher ratio of light penetration in the upper, middle and lower parts of the wheat canopy, and tighter plant type; almost identical dynamic change of flag leaf chlorophyll content; and almost the same root amount in 0-120cm soil layer, smaller rate of progressive decrease of the root length density and root weight density with soil getting deep and relatively increased root amount in deeper soil layers.

在传统灌溉-优化施肥条件下，冬小麦单位面积总分蘖数比传统水肥减少，成穗率降低，单位面积穗数有所减少，穗粒数、千粒重无显著性差异；株高基本无变化；基部节间长度缩短，充实度略微增高，穗下节间增长；中后期叶面积指数略低于传统水肥；起身至成熟干物质积累量动态变化过程与传统水肥十分接近，但抽穗至成熟形成的干物质量增加；旗叶、倒2叶倒3叶、倒4叶叶长及总叶面积有所减少，叶片相对增厚；冠层平均叶倾角大，消光系数小，冠层各层的透光率较高，株型紧凑；旗叶叶绿素含量动态变化与传统水肥十分接近；0-120cm土层总根量与传统水肥也差异不大，但根长密度和根重密度随土层深度递减速度较慢，根系在下层土壤的分布相对增多。

The rusults indicated that the temperature in forest was lower and the growth of ginseng was slower than out of forest, the yields were also lower; with the increase of ginseng age, the rate of net photosynthesis became higher; when the canopy density of forest reached to about 0.7～0.8, the net photosynthesis, hight, root weight, transpiration,chlorophyll conten of ginseng were higher than others, indicating that both lower and higher canopy density would reduce the rate of net photosynthesis of ginseng, and that the canpoy density of stand could be adjusted to satisfy the temperature and lighting for ginseng, and to provide the optimum ecology enviorment for the growth of ginseng.

结果表明，在生长季节内，林内温度低于林外温度，林下人参生长发育较差，产量较低；林分郁闭度为0.7~0.8时，人参的净光合速率、株高、单根重、叶绿素含量等指标较高；而郁闭度过高或过低都会影响人参生长发育；随着人参年龄的增加，净光合速率有逐渐升高的趋势。通过人为调节林分郁闭度的方式来满足人参对温度和光照因子的需求，为林下人参生长发育提供最适宜的生态环境。

Using nuclear DNA C-values for 539 angiosperms in China, we examined the variation of these values among growth forms and taxonomic groups and the relationship of these values with invasiveness. Mean DNA C-value of the 539 angiosperm species was 4.06 pg. Mean DNA C-value was(1) significantly lower for woody species (1.84 pg) than for herbaceous species(5.02 pg);(2) significantly lower for 360 dicots (2.20 pg) than for 179 monocots (7.80 pg);(3) significantly lower for annuals (2.78 pg) than for perennials(6.65 pg);(4) significantly lower for 134 weed species (1.93 pg) than for herbaceous non-weeds (6.75 pg) and for several families that have an unusually high proportion of weed species;(5) significantly lower for 47 exotic weed species (1.76 pg) than for 134 native weeds (1.93 pg), but significantly lower than that of "non-weedy" herbaceous species (6.75 pg);(6) lower for weeds than for "non-weedy" species in same genus or family; and (7) in herbaceous species, generally lower for weedy compared to "non-weedy" species, with some exceptions such as Avena fatua, whose DNA C-value is as high as 14.15 pg, contrarily, and some "non-weedy" herbaceous species in Cruciferae and Cucurbitaceae with very low values.

统计了中国境内有分布的539种被子植物的DNA C-值，分析了它们在不同分类群、生活型、倍性、生活史类型以及在杂草和非杂草类群中的分布情况，主要结果如下：(1)539种被子植物DNA C-值平均为4.06 pg，其中木本植物的DNA C-值平均为1.84 pg，低于草本植物的平均值(5.02 pg)；(2)双子叶植物(360种)的DNA C-值平均为2.20 pg，极明显地小于单子叶植物(179种)的平均值(7.80 pg)；(3)1年生植物的DNA C-值平均为2.78 pg，明显小于多年植物的平均DNA C-值(6.65 pg)；(4)134种杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.93 pg，明显小于非杂草草本植物的平均值(6.75 pg)，含杂草较多的科，平均DNA C-值相对较小；(5)统计的47种入侵杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.76 pg，略小于134种杂草的平均DNA C-值(1.93 pg)，极显著地小于非杂草性草本植物(6.75 pg)；(6)以科为单位，不同科的DNA C-值存在着极大的差异；(7)DNA C-值与染色体倍性的关系并不明显，但是，随着倍性的增加，基因组变小；(8)在同一科、属中，与非杂草相比，典型杂草的DNA C-值往往偏小；(9)总体上杂草或杂草性强的植物，它们的DNA C-值比非杂草性植物的要小。

Tow canopy models are developed according to uniform partial cover and non-uniform partial cover: continuum canopy model and non-continuum canopy model.

根据植被均匀非完全覆盖和非均匀非完全覆盖情况建立了相应的两种冠层模式：连续冠层模式和非连续冠层模式。

The differences between the edge of canopy gap and interior of forest and the differences between trunk surface temperature at the edge and surface temperature in the center of gap were also analyzed. The findings showed that there were high temperature regions on the east and north of middle vertical active surface of edge. So that the vertical active surface of edge is a new thermal active surface on the vicinage of canopy gap beyond soil surface on the interior of forest, soil surface on the gap, and forest canopy surface.

指出在林窗区域，受太阳直接照射的东侧和北侧林墙中部存在表面温度高值区，是林窗区域除林冠面、林窗地面、林内地面之外的新的第4热力作用面，对探讨林窗区域的热量传输、小气候形成以及林窗边缘植物的侧向生长等均有重要意义。

One of hot spot being forest hydrology research is canopy precipitation interception, and this paper is on the foundation of the existing research achievements of analysis home and abroad, and uses the forestry statistical analysis software of development by oneself to go on the analyses of data , and major research result indicates :(1) Schima superba canopy is more interception loss than Cunninghamia lanceolata canopy.

林冠截留是森林水文研究的热点之一，本文在分析国内外现有研究成果的基础上，运用自主开发的林业统计分析软件进行数据分析，主要研究结果表明：(1)木荷林冠截留量大于杉木林冠截留量。

One of hot spot being forest hydrology research is canopy precipitation interception, and this paper is on the foundation of the existing research achievements of analysis home and abroad, and uses the forestry statistical analysis software of development by oneself to go on the analyses of data , and major research result indicates :(1) Schima superba canopy is more interception loss than Cunninghamia lanceolata canopy.

本研究开发的林业统计分析软件，能直接处理Excel电子表格、Access数据库以及网格数据，数据的录入和编辑非常方便，并具有林业数理统计中常用的方差分析、相关分析和回归分析等功能，分析效果与国外优透的统计分析软件SPSS相同，完全能满足林业数据处理的需要。

The canopy structure and leaf morphological characters of 4 sugarcane genotypes at different leaf layers on seedling were studied by using CI-100 plant canopy instrument and CI-203 area meter instrument. The results showed the leaf morphological parameters, canopy structure and radiation transmission at different leaf layers were notably different among different genotypes. The variation of Ila, Amfi, Dl at different leaf layers were mainly caused by the leaf width at relevant position. The variation of K at different leaf layers was related to Amfi and Dl. The variation of Td（transm. coef. for diffuse penetration）had significant correlations with Ila, Amfi and Dl. The variation of Tr（transm. coef. for radiation penetration）had significant correlations with Dl, leaf width and the ratio of leaf length to width. The variation of Par had significant correlations with Ila, leaf area, leaf width and the ratio of leaf length to width.

摘要利用CI-100数字植物冠层分析仪和CI-203叶面积分析仪测定了4个甘蔗品种不同叶位层的冠层参数和相应叶位叶片的形态特征，结果表明：不同基因型不同叶位层间叶片形态、冠层空间结构和冠层辐射特征存在显著差异，不同叶位层叶面积指数、叶簇倾角和叶分布的变化主要由冠层内不同叶位叶片叶宽的变化引起，而不同叶位层消光系数的变化主要与叶簇倾角和叶分布有关；散射光透过系数的变化主要与叶面积指数、叶簇倾角和叶分布有关，直射光透过系数的变化主要与叶分布、叶宽、长宽比有关，光合有效辐射的变化与叶面积指数、叶面积、叶宽、长宽比有关。

The simulations of two models are close to canopy albedo observation in this band. This indicates that the two-stream model can simulate the canopy albedo very well and the improvement of four-stream model is limited. The results also show that the albedo of the canopy modeled by the four-stream model is greatly improved than that of the two-stream model in the NIR band.

这表明在可见光波段，二流模式已经能够较好模拟冠层反照率，四流模式能够提高的精度范围有限；在近红外波段，因叶片散射率值较大，两个模式模拟结果差别较明显，四流模式模拟的冠层反照率相对二流模式的模拟结果更接近观测值。

The results were summarized as followings: the density of planktonic crustacea in middle reach was higher than that in the lower reach whereas the species abundance and community diversity index in the lower reach were higher than that in the middle reach; the planktonic crustacea communities presented high density but lower diversity in the upper part of the middle reach, lower density but high diversity in the lower part of the middle reach and estuary, and lower density and diversity in the lower reach except the estuary.

结果表明，汉江中下游江段浮游甲壳动物的密度分布呈现出中游高于下游的特征，而物种丰度和群落多样性指数则是下游高于中游；中游上段的属于密度高但多样性低的群落、中游下段和汉江口属于密度较低但多样性高的群落，下游除汉江口外属于密度和多样性均较低的群落。

Continuously improve the production mechanism, to provide customers with better quality products and services.

不断的完善生产机制，给客户提供更优质的产品及服务。

B:Yes, he was the very prize-winner in the court tennis ten years ago?

是的，他是十年前的世界网球冠军。