查询词典 liability

The aim of this research papers is to illuminate that the spirit damage indemnity can be found in liability of breach faith, and it is necessary to involve this item of indemnity liability in liability of breach faithThis thesis has five parts:In the first part, the basic knowledge of spirit damage and spirit damage indemnity is introduced, that the core of the spirit damage is the detraction and forfeit of the spirit benefit is indicated and analyzed, breach of faith spirit damage indemnity means a liability form to compensate for the detraction and forfeit of the objective spirit benefit by the payment of money to the non-default side.

本论文研究的目的在于说明精神损害赔偿可以存在于违约责任之中，而且违约责任中有必要包含该项赔偿责任。本论文共分为五部分：第一部分是关于精神损害及精神损害赔偿的基本理论介绍，分析指出精神损害的核心是精神利益的减损与丧失。违约精神损害赔偿是指通过给付金钱于非违约方的方式，对客观存在的精神利益的减损或丧失进行赔偿的责任形式。

The doctrine of liability of fixation in product liability is not merely the constitutive requirement of product liability, on us probandy allocation as well as the standard of escape clause, but also the epitomization of intrinsic value of product liability.

产品责任归责原则不仅仅是产品责任的构成要件、举证责任的分配以及免责事由设定的标准，更是产品责任法律制度内在价值的集中体现。

This paper covers the following items of the crime of corruption: the definiens of corruption crime and the legislative evolution, the subject of corruption, the joint offender, conviction and its limits, legal sentence of corruption crime and legislative suggestions. Meanwhile, some focal points of the academic circle concerning the crime of corruption is interpreted, such as the definiens of corruption crime, conviction of the accomplice, means of calculating criminal amounts. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different, academic points of view. It is there fore necessary to redefine the crime, the act of corruption in a narrow and in broad sense. The author proposes that the criminal liability of the accomplice should be investigated under the principle of joint taking the liability, while distinguishing their respective degrees of taking the liability so as to determine their criminal liability deserving of taking. Corruption crime's legal sentence breaks the three basic principles of the Criminal Law of PRC in nature, i. e. principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime; principle of suiting responsibility, punishment to crime; principle of equality before the law.

文章论及的内容包括：贪污罪的概念和立法演变，贪污罪的主体认定，贪污罪中的共同犯罪认定，贪污罪与相关犯罪的界限，贪污罪的刑法适用及立法完善；同时文章也对现在学术界争论的焦点问题，如贪污罪的概念、贪污罪共犯认定、贪污罪中各共同犯罪人的犯罪数额的计算，进行了不同学术观点的比较，分析了各种观点的利弊，对于贪污罪的概念重新予以认识，归纳了狭义贪污罪和广义贪污罪；提出在追究共同犯罪人的刑事责任时，应坚持共同负责的原则，同时区分各共同犯罪人在共同犯罪中所起作用的大小，以确定他们应承担的刑事责任；分析了刑法典中贪污罪法定刑设置存在的不足，认为贪污罪法定刑的设置从根本上违反了刑法三大基本原则，即罪行法定原则，罪责刑相适应原则以及刑法面前人人平等的原则，而且贪污罪法定刑的设置还存在其他一些问题，如附加刑包括罚金刑和没收财产刑等设置不当。

Education2002/09-2003/12 Maastricht University, NetherlandsMaster of Social Security1989/09-1993/07 Renmin University of ChinaBachelorProfessional certificationFRMThe China Securities Association, a practicing certificateCurrent treatment minimum wage: RMB 530,004 / year = 44,167 / month × year fixed-DecemberExperience2007/07- present Union Life Beijing Company Compliance Risk Management Department / General Manager of Corporate Risk Management Committee Member and the Investment Management Committee members of BeijingReporting Objects: Company CROWork: Economic Capital Management asset-liability management comprehensive risk management Compliance Management Investment Risk Management Investment Performance Evaluation Management Legal Services Corporate Risk Management Committee Member, and the investment management committee members, participation in pension and asset management companies to build.2003/11-2007/06 Taikang Life Beijing Company Risk Management / Manager BeijingReporting object: department headWork: measuring market risk economic capital and credit risk economic capital integration of the entire company's economic capital, including the insurance risk and operational risk economic capital, economic capital internal controls and operational risk management a variety of risk analysis and asset liability management study capital management and capital allocation Risk Management and Performance Evaluation liability company-wide asset-liability management in the enterprise annuity on training and preparation for data preparation, as well as the preparation of Tyco pension.

教育背景2002/09-2003/12 荷兰马斯特里赫特大学社会保障硕士1989/09-1993/07 中国人民大学经济学学士专业证照FRM 中国证券协会执业证书目前待遇基本工资：人民币 530，004/年＝ 44，167 /月×全年固定12月工作经历2007/07-至今合众人寿北京总公司风险合规管理部/总经理公司风险管理委员会会员以及投资管理委员会会员北京汇报对象：公司CRO工作内容：经济资本管理资产负债管理全面风险管理合规管理投资风险管理投资绩效评估管理公司法律事务公司风险管理委员会会员以及投资管理委员会会员，参与养老金公司和资产管理公司筹建。2003/11-2007/06 泰康人寿北京总公司风险管理部/经理北京汇报对象：部门负责人工作内容：计量市场风险经济资本和信用风险经济资本整合整个公司旳经济资本，包括保险风险经济资本和业务风险经济资本内部控制和操作风险的管理各种风险的分析以及资产负债管理研究资本管理和资本配置风险管理和绩效评估负债整个公司资产负债管理参与企业年金的关于培训和筹备资料准备以及泰康养老金筹建。

In Anglo American criminal law,the application of strict liability is limited by many requirements.Different from absolute liability,result liability or objective incrimination,strict liability is worth surviving.

英美刑法中，严格责任的适用受到了种种条件的限制，不同于绝对责任，更非结果责任或者客观归罪，有其存在的价值基础。

Supplementary liability is so different with joint and several liability and ungenuine joint and several liability in effect that it is a kind of independent liability pattern.

侵权补充责任在效力上与连带责任、不真正连带责任是不同的，所以侵权补充责任是一种独立的责任形态。

In Germanic law, all kinds of tort liability needn't make an investigation of feasor's bad psychology but the active and damage. In the late Medieval Age, tort liability didn't think of the fault of behavior in Feudal law, Manorial law, Urban law and Mercantile law, though strict liability was replaced by fault liability in Secular law and Cannon law.

日耳曼法时期，所有的侵权行为都不从行为人的主观上寻求责任存在的基础；到中世纪中晚期，虽然严格责任在教会法和欧洲大陆的世俗法中被过错责任的一般性理论所代替，但各封建王国中的封建法、庄园法、城市法和商人法几乎不考察行为人的主观心理要素；而且，其时的英格兰法律中的严格责任依然保持着绝对的地位。

This article thinks that, as a criterion of liability fixation, strict liability does't think of the feasor's fault. It rests upon a factual test of causation that disregards proximate caused omissions.The defenses available in strict liability are strict limited.And finally,the unlawfulness characterizes is only the harm and not the activity producing it. As a category of tort liabilities, strict liability is a heterogeneous and multi-level continuum.

作为一种归责标准以及以之为据的责任类型，严格责任具有其独特的性质：在前者，严格责任具有价值判断上的非过错性、因果关系判断的模糊性、抗辩事由的限制性以及强调侵害行为的结果违法性；在后者，严格责任是一个不同质、多层次的连续体。

Under Institute Collision Liability Clause the insurers agree to indemnify the Assured for 3/4ths of collision liability, while under PICC Hull Insurance Clauses the insurer have to pay 4/4ths collision liability as well as allision liability the Assured becoming legally liable to third party.

英国协会条款仅承保3/4的船舶碰撞责任，而我国人保船舶保险条款则承保4/4的碰撞、触碰责任，沿海内河船舶保险条款则承保3/4的碰撞、触碰责任。三者对间接损失的保险责任也有所不同。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

The most precious possession that ever comes to a man in this world is a womans heart.

在这个世界上，男人最可贵的财产就是一个女人的心。

Some 4 years above company and divisional management experience, 6 year foreign enterprises work experience.

有4年以上的公司及部门管理经验，6年外企工作经验。