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In Germanic law, all kinds of tort liability needn't make an investigation of feasor's bad psychology but the active and damage. In the late Medieval Age, tort liability didn't think of the fault of behavior in Feudal law, Manorial law, Urban law and Mercantile law, though strict liability was replaced by fault liability in Secular law and Cannon law.

日耳曼法时期，所有的侵权行为都不从行为人的主观上寻求责任存在的基础；到中世纪中晚期，虽然严格责任在教会法和欧洲大陆的世俗法中被过错责任的一般性理论所代替，但各封建王国中的封建法、庄园法、城市法和商人法几乎不考察行为人的主观心理要素；而且，其时的英格兰法律中的严格责任依然保持着绝对的地位。

The economic law subject is applied to explain the specific institutions of economic law, while economic law act is the media to explain economic law subject theory. This part is directed by the human value pre-establishment of economic law to establish the analyzing tool for corresponding economic law subject, i.e., act economics, and act law and economics.

经济法主体理论解释力的媒介是经济法行为，因此，本部分以经济法的人性价值预设为先导，由此确定了与此相适应的经济法主体的行为分析工具，即行为经济学和行为法经济学，并对该分析工具的核心思想、理论优势以及实际效用进行了阐释，最终明晰了行为法经济学与经济法主体行为分析的契合。

Have do not show pattern at traditional media advertisement, article of conduct propaganda of a lot of websites does not indicate oneself are advertisement, but actually its still suffer " advertisement law "," consumer rights and interests protects a law "," product quality standard "," consumer rights and interests protects a law " and " oppose unfair competition law " the standard that waits for law, and the law related the basis, if,this kind is publicized crackbrained, non-standard, besides the baleful hype that can make the suit that sends customer, competitor, still can be in charge of probably by relevant administration mechanism undertakes condemnatory, accordingly, the enterprise should publicize action on the net according to standard him standard, when necessary, can serve an orgnaization to undertake advisory to professional law.

有别于传统媒体广告显示方式，很多网站宣传文章并不标明自己是广告，但实际上其仍受《广告法》、《消费者权益保护法》、《产品质量法》、《消费者权益保护法》和《反不正当竞争法》等法律的规范，而根据相关的法律，此类宣传如果不谨慎、不规范，除了会引致消费者的诉讼、竞争对手的恶意炒作外，很可能还会被相关的行政主管机关进行处罚，因此，企业应依法规范自己的网上宣传行为，必要时，可以向专业的法律服务机构进行咨询。【以下内容为IT者网站提供英文翻译，未经授权请勿转载

As the core, Young Marx's initiative definition of law and liberty and his deep study on the dialectic relation between law and liberty, which insisted that law be the positive existence of liberty, law be not rejective to law. Liberty exhibits general rights only in real law and laws always enforce someone who is subjective to law into a free man.

青年马克思初步明确了法律与自由的含义，并对两者的辨证关系进行了深刻把握，他强调法律是自由的肯定存在，法律并不排斥自由，自由只有在真正的法律中才表现为公民普遍的权利，法律总是强迫不服从法律的人成为自由的人。

However , the meaning of the law in international private international law , international society and the effect of international private international law , observation of international private international law under the anarchical society and limitations of international private international law in protecting international artier have not been analyzed comprehensively and deeply in private international law circles and international politics circles , so the article try to discuss and analyze the issues mentioned above deeply , in order lit grasp the issues of the effect of international private international law on contemporary international relations correctly

然而，在国际私法学界和国际政治学界对国际性国际私法中&法&的含义，在国际社会与国际性国际私法的效用、无政府状态下国际性国际私法的遵守和国际私法对维护国际秩序的局限性等问题上的分析尚不够全面、深入，本文拟对上述问题进行深入探讨和分析，以便能够正确地把握国际性国际私法在当代国际关系中的效用问题。

Viewing from the angle of forming course and forming mechanism of legalorder,the principal factors,which hinder the build of socialist country un-der the rule of law,may be summed up as follows.Some law lack of reason-ability,which show benefits distribution unreasonable,right protection un-equal,institution offering unbalanced.Laws are short of coercive power,centrally embodied in the phenomenon of'soft regime',both resulting fromobject factors that material conditions what exercising law needs are insuffi-cient and political system is unreasonable,and subjective factors of belief inthe rule of law being blunt,and corruption and degeneration.Non—legalmechanism is imperfect,unable to efficiently fill up the'blind area'and'gray field'of law,and strongly sustain the function of law.There are manydetect in formal aspect of law,among which the most important is that legalprocedure and procedural elements are incomplete.

从法律秩序的形成过程与形成机制的角度看，我国社会主义法治建设的主要障碍因素可归纳为以下几个方面：一些法律缺乏合理性，具体表现有利益分配不合理、权利保护不平等、制度供给不均衡；法律缺乏强制力，集中表现在&软政权&现象上，有执法的物质保障不充足和政治体制不合理等客观因素，也有法治观念淡薄、贪污腐化等主观原因；非法律机制不健全，不能有效地填充法律的&盲区&和&灰色地带&，并有力地支持法律的运行；在法律的形式方面存在诸多弊端，其中至关重要的是法律程序不健全，法律条文的程序要件不完备。

Firstly, the author does some research on the general protection system on Creditors protection in civil law .He holds that the general protection system has a defect that can not adapt to new era's requirements, and he also believes from the perspective of merchant law and economical law that the protection system in corporate law is a heritage and development of the general protection system in civil law. Then, he analyzes, discusses and concludes.the protection system in corporate law of different countries and takes the concerned system in Japanese corporate law as an example.

作者首先对民法上之债权人利益保护一般制度进行了研究，认为民法上之一般制度存在不能应对新时代要求之缺陷，并且从商法和经济法的角度出发，认为公司法上债权人利益保护制度是对民法一般保护制度的继承和发展；随后，作者对各国公司法上关于公司分立中债权人利益保护制度进行了总结、分析和探讨，并以日本公司法上的相关制度为例进行了比较考察。

After establishing a port binding between a tuple and a tuple, a cone NAT will re-use this port binding for subsequent sessions the application may initiate from the same private IP address and port number, for as long as at least one session using the port binding remains active.

请看以下图形，终端和外部服务器，都通过NAT分派的这个绑定地址对来传送信息，就象一个漏斗一样，筛选并传递信息

In the titration experiment of NMR and IR spectroscopy, we can understand how sensors binding with metal ions: the two carbonyl group and crown ether group cooperated in binding with metal ions. Furthermore, by altering the "oxygen" atoms of crown ether to "sulfur", we can change the binding affinity to the soft metal: cupper. It shows 60-fold enhancement of fluorescence.

在化合物2中，我们引进了硫原子在冠状醚中，则应对电子密度较低之金属有较好的结合能力，实验结果显示了此分子对铜离子有相当好的选择性和结合能力，萤光增加可达60倍；同时由红外光吸收光谱和核磁共振光谱滴定实验可确知，香豆素衍生物上的两个羰基对金属离子的选择性及结合上扮演相当重要的角色。

For the former, the binding energy is small and the size is large, with the typical example being the deuteron. For the later, the binding energy is large. d〓 is a typical example, whose binding energy is hundreds of MeV, Even taking into account the theoretical errors, it is still a stable dibaryon candidate.

前者的束缚能较小，半经相对较大，典型代表是氟核d；后者有较深的束缚势阱，最典型的例子是d*，它的束缚能达到数百MeV，即使考虑到理论模型的误差，它仍然可能是紧束缚的双重子态。

The receding calculations and experiment analyses in this subject are built on the blood cast of pig tongue.

本研究课题的前期工作是采用猪舌血管铸型模拟人舌而进行的数值计算与实验分析。

"Each human infection constitutes an opportunity for genetic modification of the virus through reassortment, mutation, or both...."

&每一次人类的感染都暗藏着一次基因修改的机会，无论是通过病毒的整合、突变或者兼而有之。。。。&