查询词典 iterative method for eigenvalue problems

Comparing withHayek's theory on society method, I believe constitution litigationmechanism must considering the following conclusion in modelingconstitutional method: first, the acquiring of constitutional method isusually effects system vicissitudes. Although constitutional arbitramentcan form definite constitutional method, it can't achieve perduringsubstantial results level of method; secondly, constitutional method isformed virtually by the mixture of two kind of potence, and one is socialpotence, the other is governmental potence. The constitutional method'srationality in logic structure rests directly with the wrestling process ofconstitutional logic and social process. Constitutional method is more akind of simulative conformation of natural logic and social logic, itforms by the wrestling of government, public, legislature andconstitution judging organ. Fourthly, the maintenance of constitutionalmethod depends on the inner power sustained by faith and exteriorpower coming from the background of compulsion. Fifthly,constitutional method itself is a dynamic structure, and it's realizingquomodo and vindicating means is being in vicissitude, however, it canonly provide condition and inspiritment.

对照哈耶克的社会秩序理论，笔者认为，宪法诉讼机制在型构宪政秩序时必然要照顾到以下结论：其一，宪政秩序的取得，往往是一个制度自然变迁的结果，宪法裁决虽然也可能在短期内形成一定的宪法秩序，不过却无法强行地达到一个较大范围内持久的秩序实效水准；其二，宪政秩序实际上是由两种力量交合而成的，一是社会力量，一是政府力量，宪政秩序的逻辑结构的合理性直接取决于宪法逻辑和社会逻辑之间的博弈过程；其三，宪政秩序更多的是一种对自然逻辑和社会逻辑的模拟形态，是经由政府、公众、立法机关与宪法裁判机构的合作博弈而形成的，宪法诉讼的功用至多在于提供博弈规则，以实现纳什均衡；其四，宪政秩序的维护主要依靠来自信念支持的内部力量与来自强制背景的外部力量；其五，宪政秩序本身是一个动态的、常新的结构，其实现方式与维护手段也处于不断变迁之中，但无论如何，宪法诉讼机制所能提供的只是制约与激励两种。

For preparing for the researches of text digital watermarking and advantaging other researchers" development when using the Chinese mathematical expression theory, this paper designs and realizes a development platform of Chinese mathematical expression. It has been proved by experiments that the platform"s function, execution speed and stability can satisfy the requirements of conversion and operation of enormous data.This research found out that the structure information of Chinese have plenty redundant information that can be used by the Chinese mathematical expression for the digital watermarking, the data embedded can possess better robustness. Based on this finding, this paper designs a kind of text digital watermarking method of embedding watermarking by using Chinese structure, and realizes the method by using the Chinese mathematical expression platform.Considering the watermarking embedding algorithms importance to the robustness of the text digital watermarking, this paper makes fully use of the advantage of the Chinese mathematical expression theory to design a kind of layered text method, which has being realized by using the Chinese mathematical expression platform. The layered text method can handle the text as a solid structure, and the embedding data havepreferable robustness.Finally, based on the researches of the text digital watermarking method and the text layered method, this paper integrates the method of making use of the Chinese structure embedding watermarking with the robust algorithm based on text layered, and realizes a brand-new text digital watermarking method. Proved by lots of experiments, this brand-new method has good robustness and better invisibility.

为了为研究工作做准备和方便其他使用汉字数学表达式理论体系的人进行开发，本文基于汉字数学表达式理论设计实现了一个汉字数学表达式平台，实现了Unicode汉字集中的汉字、汉字数学表达式、汉字的Unicode码之间的相互转化、依据汉字数学表达式提取汉字的结构信息、由汉字数学表达式在非中文平台上不依赖字库显示汉字的图像等功能，使用复合文档技术和流压缩技术进行数据的存储，使用对汉字数学表达式进行二叉树拆分来处理汉字数学表达式中包含的信息，使用自定义哈希函数来提高运行速度，实验证明，该平台功能、速度和稳定性完全能满足大量数据的转化和运算要求；通过研究表明汉字的结构信息中存在大量可使用汉字数学表达式理论加以利用的水印加载空间，加载在该空间的数据可以具有较好的鲁棒性，基于此，本文设计了一种利用汉字结构加载水印的文本数字水印方法，并使用汉字数学表达式平台将其实现；由于水印嵌入算法对于文本数字水印的鲁棒性至关重要，本文充分利用汉字数学表达式理论的优点，设计了一种文本分层的方法，并使用汉字数学表达式平台将其实现，使文本成为一个立体的空间，使嵌入在其中的数据具有更好的鲁棒性；最后在基于汉字数学表达式的文本数字水印嵌入方法的研究和基于汉字数学表达式的文本分层方法的研究的基础上，结合利用汉字结构嵌入水印的方法和基于文本分层的抗攻击文本水印嵌入算法实现了一种全新的文本数字水印方法，经实验证明，该方法有良好的鲁棒性和较好的隐蔽性。

This paper reviews and summarizes the progress in this field as follows: the mathematical model and the difficulty of the analytical solutions is introduced; discusses the latest progress of the numerical solutions is discussed; the finite difference method, the Godunov method, the Boltzmann method, and the KFVS method of one-dimensional dam-break problem are introduced; the TVD method, the discontinuous finite element method, the finite volume method and characteristic method of two-dimensional dam-break problem are discussed; the applicability, the advantage and the disadvantage of each method are analyzed; and the progress in the numerical calculations of flow of fluid with free surface are presented.

回顾和总结了国内外对溃坝水流演进问题的研究进展：介绍了溃坝水流的数学模型及解析解法存在的困难，进而讨论了数值解法的最新进展；论述了求解溃坝水流一维问题的有限差分法、近似黎曼解的Godunov格式法、Boltzmann法、KFVS法和二维问题的TVD格式法、间断有限元法、有限体积法、特征线法，并分析了各种方法的适用范围和优缺点，及讨论了限制函数的使用；介绍了利用自由水面追踪方法计算溃坝水流的研究进展，并根据目前存在的不足和实际工程的需要，提出了进一步研究的方向和发展趋势。

In this thesis, we mainly study several problems on geometry and topology of Rieman-nian submanifolds, which contains the geometric rigidity, topological sphere theorems and eigenvalue problems of Laplace-Beltrami operator on Riemannian submanifolds.

本文着重研究黎曼子流形上几何与拓扑的若干问题，主要内容包括子流形的几何刚性、拓扑球面定理和Laplace-Beltrami算子的特征值问题。

Based on the isoperimetric graph partitioning method, we propose several practical segmentation algorithms. The first is the iterative two-way cut method which can segment an image into pieces with particular characteristics each other by iteration. The second is simultaneous K-way cut method which divides the image into K parts synchronously. The last is an interactive method separating objects of interest from the background by the user's input specifying the object of interest manually.

基于等周分割方法，我们提出了几种实用的分割算法：第一种是迭代2分方法，它通过迭代的方法将图像分割成各具特征的小区域；第二种是同时直接K分法，同时将图像分割成K个部分；最后一种方法是交互分割法，它依赖人工输入来指定所要分割的感兴趣目标，将图像目标从背景中分离出来。

There arise many techniques in the study of existence of solution for operator equations,such as topological transversality method,upper and lower solutions method,monotone iterative method, and variation method,and bountiful results are obtained.

在算子方程解的存在性研究中产生了许多方法，如拓扑度方法、上下解方法、单调迭代法、变分方法等，获得了丰富的结果。

3D-CTM (Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Forming Simulation) software for precision forging process of aero-engine blade was developed. The key technologies of 3D coupled rigid-viscoplastic thermo-mechanical FEM simulation of blade forging process were studied systematically. By using the remeshing method of contracting from the boundary to the inner, new mesh system from old distorted mesh system can be obtained. A method of modifying the position of nodes touching on the die according to its original normal was proposed to avoid "dead lock" problem due to uncontinuity of normal of scatted die meshes. The pseudo-static iterative algorithm was used to simplify the coupled thermo-mechanical computation. In particular, formulations to determine relaxation factor β was established for rigid viscoplastic FEM adopting penalty function method, and an improved cubic factor rapid algorithm derived from these formulations was proposed by combining with the advantage of advance and retreat search method.

采用基于边界构形的内缩法，实现了三维畸变网格的重新划分；提出了初矢修正法对触模节点的位置进行修正，解决了由于离散的模具网格的法矢不连续造成的&死锁&问题；采用准静态迭代法简化了速度场和温度场耦合计算过程；特别是针对减速因子β的选取，建立了适用于三维复杂成形过程刚粘塑性罚函数法有限元三次因子法的计算公式，并结合进退搜索法提出了改进的三次因子快速算法，提高了模拟计算效率和稳定性，在此基础之上，开发了面向叶片精锻过程的三维刚粘塑性热力耦合有限元模拟分析系统(3D-CTM)，系统的可靠性得到了圆柱体镦粗的验证。

This dissertation proposes group reasoning and group AHP-based GDSS structure and its decision steps to solve the problems existing in research of theory and application of GDSS. Besides, the dissertation also studies the method of group reasoning on rough-set and qualitative reasoning method basis in GDSS. It also studies on constructing method of hierarchy structure of group AHP in GDSS and combinative method of judgment matrixes. Moreover, it studies on method regarding construction of judgment matrixes on rough set based and optimization theory of convex combination parameters of judgment matrixes as well. Finally, it develops an AHP based GDSS to demonstrate the efficiency of these methods.(1) This dissertation also summarizes the developing trend of GDSS and analyses problems as regards the research of GDSS.

本论文针对GDSS理论研究及应用中存在的若干问题，提出了基于群体推理及群体层次分析法的GDSS结构，并给出了基于该结构的GDSS的决策程序；研究了GDSS环境下的基于粗糙集理论及定性推理技术的群体推理方法，并举例说明了方法的有效性；研究了GDSS环境下群体AHP层次结构的建立、判断矩阵集结的理论与方法；研究了判断矩阵凸组合系数的优化原理；探讨了基于Rough Set的判断矩阵构造方法；开发了一个基于AHP的GDSS原型系统，旨在验证本文关于GDSS环境下群体AHP有关方法的有效性。

Inverse problems ; nonlinear ill-posed operator equations ; Newton type method ; implicit iterative method ; iteration stopping rule

反问题；非线性不适定算子方程； Newton型方法；隐式迭代法；迭代终止准则

By the use of CAD method to carry out the research on key problems of three ring typed less teeth difference reducer-the inner and outer gears have to be designed by adopting modified transmission was advanced. And to study a method for carrying out numerical calculation by adopting the powerful functioned mathematical software MATHCAD in the solution of coincidence extent on less teeth differenced internal messing and in iterative computation for equation set of interference coefficient of tooth profile overlapping.

提出用CAD法研究三环式少齿差减速器设计的关键问题―内外齿轮必须采用变位传动的设计，并研究在求解少齿差内啮合的重合度和齿廓重叠干涉系数方程组的迭代计算中，选用功能强大的数学软件MATHCAD进行数值计算的方法。

The two-acre Dunbar Community Garden in Little Rock has served as a model for several years.

几年来，坐落于小石城，占地两英亩的邓巴社区菜园树立了一个标杆。

Jerry points to the jacket hanging in the bathroom. It's ruined, and unwearable What?

杰瑞指着洗手间里挂着的夹克，毁了，不能穿了）什么？