查询词典 infringed

Others' private democratic freedom rights will be infringed and communal democratic freedom rights rules will be broken up in an unequal society caused by unintegrated democratic society, if someone exercise his private democratic freedom rights in communal democratic freedom rights by force for interest of his own or his group.

如果只是为了达到私人或集团的权利目的，然在集体性的民主自由权利中强横行使独有性民主自由权利，那其实就是触犯了别人的独有性民主自由权利，并是破坏了集体性的民主自由权利规则，这就是不融合的民主社会，而造成不平等的社会。

The category of the research on victimology includes the natural person,the corporation and the state infringed directly by criminality.

被害人学的研究范畴应当是直接遭受犯罪侵害的自然人、法人、国家。

When a woman's lawful rights and interests are infringed upon, she has the right to request the competent department concerned for a disposition or bring a lawsuit in a people's court according to law.

第四十八条妇女的合法权益受到侵害时，被侵害人有权要求有关主管部门处理，或者依法向人民法院提起诉讼。

When a woman's lawful rights and interests are infringed upon, she may file a complaint with a women's organization, which shall request the relevant department or unit to investigate and deal with the case so as to protect the lawful rights and interests of the complainant.

妇女的合法权益受到侵害时，被侵害人可以向妇女组织投诉，妇女组织应当要求有关部门或者单位查处，保护被侵害妇女的合法权益。

The law of torts provides a mechanism whereby individuals can protect their rights and, if infringed, take action against the wrongdoer.

侵权行为的法律提供一个机制凭此，个人能保护他们的权利，如果被破坏，对作坏事的人采取行动。

It is quite different from the post-term refusal of carrying out a contract, for it is expective right, instead of actual obligatory right, that has been infringed. Moreover, anticipatory repudiation may be avoided: as the contract term has not expired, on the occasion that the party concerned completes all his obligations under the contract in due time.

它与合同履行期届至后明确拒绝履行合同的情况有较大的差别，因为它侵害的是一种期待债权，而非现实债权，且由于尚未到合同履行期限，因而明示预期违约也有可能会因当事人最终实际按约履行而消除。

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

At present, because there is no unified legislation on administrative enforcement, administrative organs at all levels in our country basically carry out administrative enforcement on their own understanding in their practical administrative management, which tends to cause impropriate administrative enforcement implement, not only the interests of the citizen, legal representative or personal rights and financial rights of other organizations are infringed upon, but also the authority and image of the gove...

当前 ，由于我国没有行政强制的统一立法，国家各级行政机关在具体的行政管理实践中基本是依据自身的理解来行使行政强制措施，往往造成运用行政强制措施不当，既损害了公民、法人或其他组织的合法的人身权利和财产权利，又损害了政府的权威和形象，引发了许多行政诉讼案件。本文就行政强制的基本内涵及其实施条件、程序等问题进行初步探讨。

Think that the company manages the demand resolves three problems: Under the situation of ownership with controlling the power separation, the solution executive entrusts the agency problem with the shareholder, from but guarantee the shareholder benefits maximize; In gather medium-sized ownership of a share construction nextly, how moderate the problem of the proprietor a benefits, especially protect the small shareholder was not infringed upon by the big shareholder: Under the situation of the shareholder pursues the benefits to maximize, moderate the benefits related it the problem of a relation.

认为公司治理需要解决三个问题：在所有权和控制权分离的情况下，解决经营者和股东之间的委托代理问题，从而保证股东利益最大化；在集中型的股权结构下，如何协调所有者之间利益的问题，特别是保护中小股东不被大股东侵犯；在股东追求利益最大化的情况下，协调利益相关者之间关系的问题。

The author holds that the independent status of judges in the common law tradition guarantees individual's rights from being infringed by the administration, and that philosophical tradition of empiricism gives the constitutionalism characteristics of being nonsystematic and accumulative.

作者认为，普通法传统所具有的法官的独立地位保障了个人权利免受行政机关的非法侵犯，普通法传统中的遵循先例原则和经验主义哲学传统使宪政呈现出宽容性和累积性的特点。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。