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The main object of this research is to investigate synthesis of Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles through electrospinning and heat-treated method The research is mainly focused on preparative parameter and the change of heat-treated temperature to form the nanoparticles inlaid in silicon fibers the shape and color change are dicussed First of all to prepare the Polyvinyl butyral and silica dioxide complex nanofiber by electrospinning and then to investigate different heat-treated temperature and reactive time to being an influence on the products The results detected by SEM XRD TEM EDS FTIR combined sol-gel process and electrospinning can prepare Polyvinyl butyral and silica complex nanofiber The experimental result is found when heat-treated temperature is 100~4750C it can produce Cu23Cl nanoparticles; Above 4750C~ 4900C it can produce Cu nanoparticles; Above 450~7000C it can produce CuO nanoparticles And the viscosity is lain between 20~40cp and the sol-gel process time is 3hr it can produce the thinner fibers The average diameter of the fibers are 107 88±21 01nm;Due to the nanoparticles inlaid in the silica fibers the thinner fibers can be inlaid the smaller nanoparticles so this is the result that the experiment is expected To calcine the complex fibers is to produce surface silica fibers contain Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles due to surface plasma resonance it make the color of the fibers become yellowish green from light white green turn into the red nuclear finally As the experimental result to utilize sol-gel process combine electrospinning can produce porous silica fibers contain Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles

本研究旨在探讨「利用放电纺丝和热处理法来合成Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米粒」之研究，实验著重在制备参数与热处理温度变化对所形成的奈米粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维中的形态与颜色变化探讨。首先，利用放电纺丝法制备出聚乙烯醇缩丁醛及二氧化矽之奈米纤维，比较不同的热处理温度与反应时间的改变对产物生成产生影响，进而研究不同热处理温度和时间对生成奈米粒的影响。产物经由SEM、XRD、TEM、EDS和FTIR等仪器分析结果显示，结合溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel process)和放电纺丝法可产生聚乙烯醇缩丁醛及二氧化矽复合奈米纤维。实验结果发现，若热处理温度在100~4750C下可得到Cu23Cl奈米粒，475~4900C 可得Cu奈米粒，450~7000C以上可得 CuO奈米粒。而黏度介於20~40cp间和溶胶-凝胶时间为3hr时，可产生直径比较细的纤维，纤维直径为107 88±21 01nm；且由於奈米金属颗粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维中，直径比较细的纤维，可以得到比较小的奈米金属颗粒，这与实验预期相符。而锻烧此复合物产生多孔的二氧化矽纤维并包含Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米微粒时，由於表面电浆子共震关系，而使纤维颜色由淡白黄绿色变成黄绿色，再变红褐色。由实验结果得知，利用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel process)结合放电纺丝法和不同热处理温度，可产生Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维。

At the same time, One of the JIT (Just-in-time) production management methods, Kanban system, which was mass production and flow line oriented and prevailed in Japan in 1980s, has been further developed. CONWIP (CONstant Work-In-Process) as the alternative of Kanban put forward by Spearman et al. in 1990s has shown its application potentiality in non-batch manufacturing environments.

同时，八十年代在日本兴起的面向大批量流水线生产的准时化(JIT-Just In Time)管理与控制方法Kanban系统得到进一步发展，Spearman等于九十年代提出了准时化生产管理与控制方式-CONWIP(CONstandWork-In-Process)，作为Kanban的改进方法，它在非批量生产企业有很大的应用潜力。

The vast majority of follicles undergo a degenerative process in reproductive life. Apoptotic cell death is the fundamental mechanism in response to follicular atresia. Moreover, the apoptosis of granulose cells is implicated in directly mediating atretic process. Multiple studies have confirmed that the apoptotic process of GCs is not only related to apoptotic genes, but triggered by cytokines related to reproduction and Caspases family.

中文题名几种生殖激素对体外培养的牦牛卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的影响副题名外文题名 Effects of several reproductive hormones on apoptosis of ovarian granulose cells of yaks in vitro 论文作者杨世华导师余四九教授学科专业临床兽医学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位甘肃农业大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数108页关键词牛类固醇激素分泌卵泡颗粒细胞培养牦牛生殖激素馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S823 /1 卵泡闭锁是哺乳动物卵巢中极为普遍的自然现象。

Percussvie is the dominant factor in percussive dilling and the process is similarto the impact test process.the process is retaled to rock compressive and tensile stength.

Percussvie是在有敲击特征dilling的统治因素，并且过程是冲击试验process.the过程retaled晃动压缩和拉伸stength的similarto。

In this paper, two assemblies of special test equipments have been designed and fabricated by authors in our laboratory: namely Catalyst Molding Process Analyzer and Catalyst Mechanical Process Tester. These new skills are developed for the dynamic studies on whole mold forming process and crushing process of Fe-Cr WGHS catalyst pellet. Based on the orthogonal experimental design, the effects of some factors during the forming process of solid catalyst, such as predensification proportion, calcination time, calcination temperature and content of graphite on the mechanical strength of catalyst pellets are systematically examined, and the molding conditions have been optimized. Based on the experimental data, the relationship between catalyst density and forming pressure are educed, and the physical significances of some related parameters are described. The parameter of macro scopic elastic moduls has been suggested to character the mechanical properties of molding catalyst. The effects of molding pressure on mechanical properties of catalyst pellets are discussed, and results show that there exists a optimal molding pressure for the ideal mechanical properties: when over-high or over-low pressure is applied, the specific surface area and side crushing strength of catalyst pellets will decreased. The "rebound effect" will be undermined by the unsuitable pressure maintain process, resulting in the apparent decrease of mechanical strength of catalyst pellets.

本研究通过自行设计制造的催化剂模压成型过程分析仪（Catalyst Molding Process Analyzer， CMPA）和催化剂力学性质测试仪（Catalyst Mechanical Properties Tester， CMPT），以Fe-Cr系高温变换催化剂片剂为研究对象，对成型过程和受压破碎过程提供了全过程动态研究的新手段；本研究利用正交实验设计方法考察了固体催化剂成型过程中诸因素（包含预密致比例、煅烧时间、煅烧温度和石墨含量等）对催化剂成型体强度的影响，并对成型条件进行了优化；根据实验结果，关联确定了固体催化剂成型过程中的密度－压力关系式，并对方程中诸因子的物理意义进行了描述；提出了一种利用宏观弹性模量来表征成型催化剂的力学性质的方法；研究讨论了成型压力对催化剂成型体强度性质的影响，结果表明：对于催化剂成型体的强度和比表面性质，成型压力存在着一个最佳值，过高的成型压力会导致比表面积和侧压强度的降低；不适当的成型压力的维持时间会破坏&压力回弹&作用，造成催化剂成型体的机械强度明显降低。

The process features and shape features of the electronic part are classified and defined, and then the feature model library is built, which enables rapid input of the part information. The rules and methods of stamping process design are summarized to build the stamping process library, so that the stamping process can be designed rapidly and intelligently. Furtherly, the process design rules and methods in process station layout of multi-station progressive die as well as the methods of decompounding and compounding process and the expression method of the process station layout are concluded and summarized, and then the rule library and case library of process station layout are built. Designing the process station layout rapidly is carried out based on rules and cases. At last the rapid design function of process station layout is validated through simulating the rapid designing layout system of multi-station progressive die on Pro/E 3D platform.

主要研究成果有：对电子产品冲压件的工艺特征与形状特征进行了分类和定义，建立了特征模型库，实现了冲压件信息的快速输入；归纳了冲压工艺设计规则和方法，建立了冲压工艺知识库，实现了冲压工艺快速与智能化设计；归纳总结了多工位级进模工步排样中的工序设计原则和方法，工序分解与工序组合方法，工步排样知识的表示方法，建立了工步排样规则库和实例库，利用基于规则和实例的推理方法，实现了工步排样的快速设计；在Pro/E三维软件平台上开发了电子产品多工位级进模工步排样快速设计系统，系统通过实例验证了工步排样的快速设计功能。

If the absorbance of the three process colors were correctly matched to the spectral response of the eye,printing cyan,magenta,and yellow on top of each other would absorb all of the additive primariesto produce black.In practice,overprinting these three colors creates a dark brown,so to enable a wider range of densities to be printed a black ink must also be used.The black also enhances the edges of an image and reduces the amount of expensive colored inks that need to be used.The four colors cyan,magenta,yellow,and black are often abbreviated as CMYK,with the last letter of the word black used instead of the first to avoid confusion with blue.Many people in the praphic arts industry refer to cyan and magenta as"process blue"and"process red"(or,confusingly,as just blue and red).As well as any pigment that may be present,substrates have other properties that affect color appearance.

如果吸收的三色过程中，正确匹配的光谱响应的眼睛，印刷青色，洋红，黄色加上对方将吸收所有的添加剂初选出示black.in实践，overprinting这三种颜色创造了暗褐色，为了使更广泛的密度须印黑色油墨，还必须 used.the黑色也提升了可贵的图像，并减少了昂贵的彩色墨水的需要状四色青色，品红，黄色和黑色往往简称为cmyk，最后信件的文字用黑色代替对第一，为了避免引起混乱与blue.many人民在praphic艺术产业是指青色，洋红&进程蓝&和&过程红&(或笼统，只是蓝色和红色)。

Present technologies of BPM separate the process information from business process and manage them in a depository. These really make the business process agiler. But on the other side, present technologies of BPM cant to do well with the special business process information, such as business logic in process, business policy and so on. And the business experts without IT skills are excluded from the whole life cycle of development project though they are the really expert who conducting company business.

当前业务过程管理很好地把业务过程逻辑从业务过程中抽离出来，进行中性的维护和管理，实现了业务过程的一定敏捷性，而依次同时，当前业务过程管理对业务过程活动的内部逻辑、业务策略等特殊过程性信息的管理较弱，并且把非IT技术人员的专业业务人员拒之整个开发过程之外，这显然大大限制了业务过程的敏捷化。

Process in the jasmine flower tea foundation in green tea but, especially the high class jasmine spends in process of process certain physics and chemistry in occurrence in quality in its inside function, such as:The polyphenol material in the tea, tea is single rather under the water the wet term of decomposition, do not dissolve to decline the solution in the aqueous protein amino acids, can die down that drink the hour of green tea feels, the function has the variety, the fresh and thick in its taste is thick and alter fluently, this is also a north to like to drink the jasmine flower tea causal a.

茉莉花茶在绿茶的基础上加工而成，特别是高级茉莉花在加工的过程中其内质发生一定的理化作用，如：茶叶中的多酚类物质、茶单宁在水湿条件下的分解，不溶于水的蛋白质降解成氨基酸，能减弱喝绿茶时的涩感，功能有所变化，其滋味鲜浓醇厚、更易上口，这也是北方喜爱喝茉莉花茶的原因的之一。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。