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The relationships between welding pool width, wire extension and welding parameters including welding current duty ratio, base current, peak current, welding speed and wire-feeding speed were studied. Through large numbers of welding experiments, aluminum alloy pulsed MIG welding dynamic process were identified by the curve fitting method, and the mathematical models between welding current duty ratio, base current, welding speed, wire-feeding speed and wire extension were obtained, succeeding the model between the above parameters and weld pool width.

介绍了铝合金MIG焊焊接电流占空比、基值电流、峰值电流、焊接速度、送丝速度对熔宽的影响规律，并在其基础上，通过平板堆焊试验研究了这些参数对焊接干伸长的影响规律；在铝合金机器人脉冲MIG焊平板堆焊过程各焊接参数与正面熔宽之间的传递函数的基础上，采用铝合金平板堆焊阶跃试验，利用曲线拟合法辨识了铝合金机器人脉冲MIG焊动态过程传递函数，建立了焊接电流占空比、基值电流、焊接速度、送丝速度与焊接干伸长之间的对象数学模型。

When the system starts, the speed outer ring saturats non-functional, the current inner ring plays a major role to regulate the starting current to maintain the maximum so that the speed linear change, to reach a given value; when it operates steadily, the speed negative feedback from the outer ring plays a major role ,to let the speed changes with the given speed voltage , at the same time the current inner ring regulates the armature current of motor adjustment to balance the load current.

该系统起动时，转速外环饱和不起作用，电流内环起主要作用，调节起动电流保持最大值，使转速线性变化，迅速达到给定值；稳态运行时，转速负反馈外环起主要作用，使转速随转速给定电压的变化而变化，电流内环跟随转速外环调节电机的电枢电流以平衡负载电流。

The main research work of this dissertation is as follows: Based on the chemical reaction engineering theory and the nitrobenzene electroreduction mechanism, the plate and frame electrolyzer was designed and applied to the process of electroreduction nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol. This dissertation measured the residence time distribution data of the electrolyzer by means of the pulse response method and studied the rule of flow pattern along with the current capacity change. Under different conditions ,this dissertation studied the cyclic voltammetry properties of nitrobenzene on different electrodes by means of the dynamic cyclic voltammetry method and the electrode materials applied to the NB electroreduction have been selected primarily.Baseed on the results of cyclic voltammetry tests, this dissertation used p-electrode systems to measure the steady-state- polarization curves of nitrobenzene on different electrodes in H-type diaphragm cell, and obtained each primary factor s influence rule and the exchange current density value of each electrode.And then on the basis of the conclusions of fundamental researchs upword, the effects of influence factors on the the yield of p-aminophenol and the current efficiency,such as electrode material, current density, quantity of electricity circulated, nitrobenzene concentration . sulpuric acid concentration and so on, have been studied in detail in the systems of hign temperature , strong acidity and oxygen-poorthrough a series of electrolysis experiments in this paper.After all using Pb as anode Monel metal as cathode Dupont Nafion 417 cation-exchange membrane as membrane, this dissertation obtained the optimum technological condition: reaction temperature about 85C, current density 500A m-2, sulphuric acid concentration 20%wt.

论文的主要研究工作为：运用化学反应工程理论，结合硝基苯的电还原机理，设计出用于硝基苯直接电还原合成对氨基苯酚实验的板框式电解槽，并利用脉冲响应法测定了该板框式电解槽的停留时间分布数据，研究了流型随流量变化的规律；通过动态循环伏安法研究了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的循环伏安特性，初步评选出了用于硝基苯电还原的电极材料；结合循环伏安的测定结果，在H型隔膜电解槽中采用三电极体系测定了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的稳态极化曲线，得到了各主要因素的影响规律及硝基苯在各个电极上电还原的交换电流密度数值；在基础研究结论指导下，采用板框式电解槽，在高温、强酸、贫氧系统中，进行了一系列的电解实验，分别考察了电极材料、电流密度、通电量、硝基苯浓度、硫酸浓度等因素对收率及电流效率的影响，最终选择以蒙乃尔合金电极作为阴极、铅合金为阳极、Dupont Nofion 417阳离子交换膜为隔膜，得到由硝基苯直接电还原制对氨基苯酚的最佳电解工艺条件：反应温度85℃，电流密度500A·m~(-2)，硫酸浓度20％wt。

The computer simulated sampling points with different grid cell sizes were generated and then interpolated into 10000 points with inverse distance weighted. Finally, the original value was compared with the interpolated value for the same grid cell to find the sampling error, and optimal sampling points were determined according to the allowable sampling error.

利用计算机按照不同的网格单元尺寸(如3×3，5×5，7×7等)进行采样，之后利用采样值进行IDW插值处理，将数据点恢复到原始的10000个，并把插值结果与原始值进行比较即可得到采样误差。

JT91-200 artillety gyro altazimuth is a fix instument which can research the grid north automatically and determine grid north azimuth at any direction.It works by making use of the physical features of gyro and influences of earth rotation.

JT91-200型炮兵陀螺经纬仪是利用陀螺本身的物理特性和地球自转的影响，实现自动寻找其北方向和测定任一方向线的真北方位角的定向仪器。

MRI characters mainly were that amyotrophy attenuated muscle and muscle outline collapsed;intramuscular adipose heterogeneitily infiltrated,which resulted in MRI signal heterogeneitily raising up and the ratio of lumbar subcutaneous fat MRI signal to lumbar dorsal muscle MRI signal descending;intramuscular spatia was revealed as line-lamellar form or featheriness or grid grid form.

主要MRI表现包括：肌肉萎缩造成肌肉变细、形态萎缩、轮廓萎陷；肌内不均匀性脂肪浸润，造成信号不均性增高，皮下脂肪信号与肌肉信号比值下降，肌内间隙呈线片状、羽毛状或网格状。

If we can get, a multiparameter asymptotic expansion of double-quadratic isoparametric finite element errors on coarse grid with respect to independent grid setps , we can get several splitting extrapolation formulas.

只要我们对粗网格上的双二次等参有限元的误差可以证明对独立步长有多变量渐近展开式，我们就能得到分裂外推公式。

This system consists of two parts: Grid authorization and Grid accounting.

该系统的研究重点包括两部分：网格授权和网格计费。

As power market reformation carries on, power grid is in difficult status at the aspects of modulating peak effectively, operating safely and stably and supplying power reliably. Pumped storage power station has an important effect on safe, stable and economical operation of power grid. Research on benefit's comprehensive evaluation and operation mode of pumped storage power station is the avant-courier and difficulty in the domain of technology economy and management, which has important theory research value and practical significance.

随着我国电力市场改革，电网的调峰、安全稳定运行和可靠供电面临更为严峻的形势，抽水蓄能电站对电网安全、稳定和经济运行发挥着重要的作用，对抽水蓄能电站的效益综合评价和运营模式进行研究是目前国际上技术经济及管理研究的前沿问题之一，也是难点问题之一，具有重要的理论研究价值和实际意义。

In the predicted process, the forward simplification is used to get the interface equation, meanwhile taking the voltage of the concentrated grid as control vector to solve the control step length; in the correction process, by means of forward simplification and back substitution the Newton linearization incremental equations of both concentrated computational grid and contracted nodes are solved alternately.

进行计算时，通过前向简化形成预估环节的接口方程，同时以浓缩网络的电压为控制电压向量求出控制步长；校正环节通过双向迭代方法交替实现对浓缩网络和收缩节点的牛顿法线性增量方程的求解。

Tom: You are right, he worked hard all the time.

你是对的。他一直都是努力工作。

Take shortcomings,failures,and mockings of others as commonplace and a drive to complete oneself,hold your own opinion over the evalution and disscution divested from others,afterwards sink into the state of eliminate mistakes if any or encourge oneself being not being influenced by the sayinngs of others or having no ideas to do.

把缺点、失败及别人的耻笑等看成是一种常事，当成完善自己的动力，对别人的评价和议论自己心中有主见，做到&有则改之，无则加勉&，不为人言所左右或无所适从。