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A new approach to computing an element of Clarke generalized gradient for this class of functions at a point, is proposed.

高岩对于一类非光滑函数一光滑函数的有限次极大值复合函数，给出了计算它在一点处Clarke广义梯度中一个元素的新方法。

This study examines the effects of allocative distortions on returns to density and input demand in domestic airlines during 1989-1997 by using a non-minimum cost function from the cost efficiency point of view. We generalize a globally concave and flexible cost function by using the symmetric generalized McFadden cost function to accommodate allocative distortions for domestic airlines, and estimating the density economies with and without allocative distortions as well as its effect on cost efficiency.

故本研究透过成本效率的观点，使用符合全面凹性更具弹性之对称性一般化影子成本函数来检视国内各航空公司民国78-86年期间之分配扭曲对密度报酬、投入要素需求量（劳动、燃油、固定要素及其他）及成本的影响，以了解各航空公司无效率之所在。

This theory system is guided by the logic of "labor-value-distribution" gradually, as follows: on the basis of defining creative labor and dealing with coherent issues, this thesis divided the generalized creative labor into concentric circle centered on the inner region of creative labor.

该理论体系是沿着"劳动——价值决定与价值构成——价值分配或产品分配"的逻辑步步推进的。具体表现为：在创造性的界定创意劳动概念以及完成一系列相关问题的基础上，本文按照现实中创意产业的具体特征，将广义创意劳动划分为一个以核心层创意劳动为圆心的圈层结构。

Chapter three emphasizes onintroducing the concept n characteristics and basic principle of ANNs, especially presents the algorithm deduction ., shortage and improved methods of backpropagation neural network which is used in this text;in addition, wide-ranging applications of ANNs in civil engineering are generalized.

第三章主要介绍了人工神经网络的概念、特点和基本原理，特别指出了本文使用的BP网络的算法推导、不足和改进方法；并总结了人工神经网络在土木工程中的应用。

This thesis is composed of two sections in which we discuss generalized spectral density test of conditional autoregressive heteroscedasticity for threshold autoregressive model.

本文分两节对门限自回归模型中自回归条件异方差的广义谱密度检验进行了讨论。

Adopt the generalized maximum likelihood radio test based on the Neyman-Pearson algorithm, to study two unresolved Rayleigh targets. And deduced the detection statistic which is chi-square random variable, which only need to know the conditional probability density functions of echo's measured amplitude, in-phase and quadrature of monopulse radio, but the signal-to-noise radio and the direction-off-arrival of any signal are unnecessary.

采用基于涅曼-皮尔逊准则的广义似然比检测，对不可分辨的两个瑞利目标进行了研究，推出了服从χ2分布的检验统计量，此方法只需要知道目标回波信号测量幅值的条件概率密度函数、单脉冲和差比值的同相和正交部分，而不需要任一目标信号的信噪比和DOA的先验知识。

Assuming that innovation follows the conditional t distribution and conditional Generalized Error Distribution.

假设新息服从t分布和广义误差分布两种条件分布。

On the other hand, an iterative hard shrinkage algorithm is obtained by using the generalized conditional gradient method, as well as convergent theorems for Solutions and stopping criterion.

此外，利用广义条件梯度法得到了迭代硬阈值算法，并给出了解的收敛性定理和停止准则。

In classical method, the author has generalized the results of Chen, Sun and Li (1995), and given classical lower confidence limit of average life, reliability and reliable life of exponential distribution.

最后，介绍了本文的主要创新点：(1)提出了先验分布、多层先验分布的构造方法——减函数法、增函数法，并给出了它们在无失效数据问题中的应用。

This thesis has generalized the characteristics of displacement model's confidence region, inferenced the shapes of plane and space displacement confidence region, determined calculating formula of confidence region.

文中对位移模型置信域的基本特征进行了归纳、推导，确定了平面和空间位移置信域形状，给出了确定置信域的计算式。

This matter overthrew all basises I learned from Sunday school .

这件事把我从周日学校学到的所有道理都颠覆了。

It's one of the cruel ironies of aging: if you want to remember your favorite restaurants, the less you should eat at them.

这是一个老化的残酷讽刺：如果你想记住你最喜欢的餐馆，你应该更少吃到它们。