查询词典 freezing points

Freezing soil is a natural phenomina in cold and mountain areas, which has great impact on the regional climate, water cycle, and water balance. The land surface process in the condition of soil freezing and thawing is one of the most important process in the area. This paper firstly reviews the present study on land surface process in the condition of soil freezing and thawing, especially the development after the the hydrological land surface model introduced into the study of General Circulation Model, then introduces the undergoing international research project, such as Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes and Cold Land Process Field Experiment by NASA, and finally analyses and puts forward the future research field and topics.

冻土是全球中高纬地区和高山地带普遍存在的自然现象，它对全球以及区域性气候、水循环、水平衡等都有着巨大的影响，土壤冻融条件下的陆面过程正是这种影响的重要环节，介绍了土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的研究现状，特别是在大气环流模型中引入水文陆面模型以来陆面过程研究的迅猛发展，对现在国际上正在进行的考虑冻土的陆面过程研究项目，如陆面过程参数化比较计划的第二阶段第五期PILPS (2E)以及美国NASA的寒区陆面过程实地试验计划也进行了介绍，并在此基础上对土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的发展趋势进行了分析。

Thirdly, according to the development of the frozen soil, the coupling model of single freezing pipe of axial symmetry of temperature field, stress field and moisture migration is put forward firstly. Then, by means of the progressing principle of potential field, the coupling model of temperature field, stress field and moisture migration which is under the condition of the multi-freezing pipes is extended. At last, the energy balance equation, stress balance equation, quality balance equation, geometric equation, physical equation, initial and boundary conditions etc are adopted to give the analytic solution to the problem of plane axial symmetry of single freezing pipe.

第三，在对室内试验和现场实测结果研究的基础上，分析了土体冻结过程中温度场、应力场、水分场耦合原理，并按照冻土体形成发展过程，首先建立了单一冷源冻结轴对称温度、应力、水分场耦合模型；接着利用势场的迭加原理，将单一冷源情况的三场耦合问题推广到多冷源情况的三场耦合；最后根据能量守恒平衡方程、应力平衡方程、质量守恒平衡方程、几何方程、物理方程、初始及边界条件，解出了单一冷源平面轴对称问题的解析解。

The results suggest that under the background of global warming, the researches on the mechanism and variation of snow-storm and freezing rain should be strengthened, especially the researches on their premonitory characters; modern detect technique and instrument should be used to improve the ability of monitoring snow-storm and freezing rain, and skills and methods for forecasting snow-storm and freezing rain should be established and improved.

认为：在全球气候变暖的背景下，要加强雨雪、冰冻天气形成机理与变化规律的研究，特别是要加强其发生的前兆性研究；要充分利用现代先进的探测技术和手段，提高对雨雪、冰冻天气的监测能力；要建立和完善对雨雪、冰冻灾害天气时间发生、发展的预报技术和方法。

The cantharellus cibarius freezing technics was studied through analyzing the freezing curve at different temperature,freezing speed and juice leakage by liquid nitrogen flash freezer .

采用液氮速冻，探讨在不同冻结条件下鸡油菌的冻结温度曲线及冻结温度与解冻后鸡油菌的汁液流失率之间的关系。

Thermal characteristics of salty soil are researched by TG-DSC technique. The results show that soluble salts have great influence on thermal characteristics of salty soil; water content gets higher, phenomena gets acuter. Freezing force depends on water content and freezing temperature; the more water content or the less temperature is, the more intensive of freezing force is.

运用TG-DSC技术对冻区盐渍土热特性进行分析并研究环境变化对冻土强度的影响，结果表明：易溶盐对盐渍土热特性有着重要影响，随含水率增大影响愈剧烈；冻结强度随着含水率的增大而增大，随冻结温度的降低而升高。

A device for determining molar mass with freezing point depression was improved, which consists of the Dewar bottle, sample container, Beckmann thermometer, arid motor stirrer, Before the experiment, the freezing point of the coolant was controlled about 2℃ below the freezing point of the sample solution by adjusting the composition of the coolant.

介绍一个改进的凝固点下降法测定摩尔质量实验装置，它由保温瓶、凝固点杯、贝克曼温度计、电动搅拌器等几部分构成。

The results show that,in the static pressure tank,the air velocity decreased and the pressure distribution was uniform gradually in the corner between the plates and clapboards with the increase in the aperture of the perforated plates.Moreover,there was Coanda effect around the freezing food in the freezing area and the food temperature decreased from the inlet to the outlet of the freezing area.

通过改变位于冻品上下方的均风孔板开孔率得出：在静压箱内，随着出口开孔率的增大，风速逐渐减小，并且在由孔板和隔板间形成的局部区域内，压力分布逐渐趋于均匀；在冻结区内，通过速度场的模拟，从数值计算的角度验证了冷风在冻品表面产生的柯恩达效应。

The method was to set up a freezing time ladder of the mixture of competented cell and plasmid along with a negative sample to research under the same condition of other aspects;The results revealed that the transforming efficiency was the highest at the freezing time of 20 minutes;Compared with the efficiency of other freezing times,the 20 minutes freezin...

在保证其他条件一致的情况下，设置大肠杆菌感受态细胞和质粒混合物的冰浴时间梯度并建立阴性对照进行研究。结果：冰浴20 min时转化效率最高。结论：与其他冰浴时间相比，冰浴20 min时的转化效率最高，实验重复性好，成本低廉，而且操作简便，值得推广使用。

It is concluded that the precision of these points is attenuated equidistantly as concentric circles. Its center is the weighted average of the coordinates of known points with the radius determined by the precision, the quantity and the distribution of known points. The precision of station points is almost independent of intersection angle, and the precision of known points is almost independent of station point. In some circumstance, the detail points may be more precise.

对测站精度、细部点精度分布规律进行了分析，结果表明：测站精度和细部点精度均呈同心圆向外衰减，圆中心在已知点的加权平均中心上，半径决定于已知点的精度、数量与分布；测站精度与测站的交会角几乎没有关系，细部点精度与测站的位置几乎无关，且可能高于测站精度。

The method includes the following steps: firstly, a spherical neighborhood of present sample points is established by using the geometric spherical-modelling theory and all the sample points contained in the spherical neighborhood are adopted as candidate neighbor points, thus not only preserving the effectivity of the dimension reduction capability when data sets are sparse but also getting the advantages of low-sensitivity to isolated points and good stability of the preserved topological structure; then a data relevance matrix more matching semantics can be obtained by relevance measurement based on route clusters to update the candidate neighbor points in the spherical neighborhood and optimize the regular neighborhood space of the present sample points, thus improving the phenomenon that the dimension reduction of sample sets provided with folded curved faces is apt to suffer the integrated-structure distortion in case of heterogeneous data distribution.

首先利用几何开球原理建立当前样本点的球状邻域，将包含在球状邻域内的所有样本点作为候选近邻点，不但能够保持在数据集稀疏情况下的降维性能的有效性，而且具有对孤立点敏感性不高、保留拓扑结构稳定性好的优点。然后利用基于路径聚类的相关性度量得到更符合语义的数据相关性矩阵，用来对球状邻域内的候选近邻点进行更新，优化当前样本点的规则邻域空间，改善了当数据不均匀分布时在带有折叠弯曲面的样本集上降维容易出现整体结构扭曲的现象。

Mr. Putin said there were signs of genocide against the Ossetian people.

普京说，有迹象表明对南奥塞梯人进行了种族清洗。

What I'm trying to say, Tristan is...

特瑞斯坦。我想说的是。