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The following conclusions have been made in this paper.(1) Based on CO_2 flux data of eddy covariance, variation characteristics of gross primary productivity in four flux observation stations were studied, which are an alpine meadow, an alpine shrub meadow, a swamp alpine meadow and a steppe alpine meadow at Dongxiong. The results show that photosynthetic capacity of the alpine meadow is the highest, and the annual total GPP is 652.2g C/m~2. Daily-differencing approach is used to analyze the random error of CO_2 fluxes measurements. The results show that the distribution of random error follows more closely follows a double-exponential, rather than a normal distribution, capturing the high peak and thick tail, and the random error varies with environment variables, which violates the assumptions for the ordinary least squares fitting with normality and homoscedasticity, consequently, we introduce maximum likelihood method for parameter optimization.

本文主要在以下几个方面开展工作并获得了一些认知和结论：(1)通过分析样带区域内高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、沼泽化湿地和草原化高寒草甸四个通量观测站点草地生态系统总初级生产力变化特征，研究结果表明HBBT矮嵩草草甸生态系统植被光合作用能力较强，年GPP总量为652.2 gC/m~2，明显高于其他三种生态系统；通过利用"单塔日变化法"获得四站点通量观测数据随机误差，结果表明通量观测随机误差概率分布呈现尖峰厚尾的特征，与正态分布相比，更服从双边指数分布，进一步分析表明通量观测随机误差随环境变量(风速、温度和光合有效辐射)的变化而变化，这违背了普通最小二乘法进行生态过程模型参数优化正态分布且误差同质的假设，因此本研究中引入最大似然法进行生态过程模型参数优化。

Themain contents of this dissertation are as follows:(1) The quality analytiedal results of chitosan are as follows: water for 15.205%;degree of deacetylation 92.671%; the weight average relative molecular weight ofchitosan 195900; the viscosity average relative molecular weight of chitosan 194100;and the decomposing temperature 298℃. The infrared ray IR spectra of chitosanshows that the feature-absorbing band of chitosan amido was 1601cm~(-1), that ofβ-indican bond was 986cm~(-1). The results of the X-ray diffraction of chitosan indicatesthat its degree of deacetylation and degree of crystal are both big.

本文的主要内容如下：(1)对壳聚糖的质量进行分析，其水份为15.205％，脱乙酰度为92.671％，重均分子量为195900，黏均分子量为194100，分解温度为298℃，壳聚糖的红外光谱表明，壳聚糖—NH_2的特征吸收峰为1601cm~(-1)，β-糖苷键的特征吸收峰为986cm~(-1)，壳聚糖的X-衍射图表明壳聚糖原料的脱乙酰度和结晶度均较大。

Of the fundamental matrix in (2) satisfies the differential equation =A , it follows that the matrix = itself satisfies the matrix differential equation Because its column vectors are linearly independent, it also follows that the fundamental matrix is nonsingular, and therefore has inverse matrix .

基本矩阵的求解由于（2）中的基本矩阵的列向量满足微分方程A，进而这个矩阵本身就满足矩阵微分方程。

By synthetically analysizing the physical and chemical properties of all components and particle size, the content of F2641 in the JOB-iC is determined by gravimetric analysis after F2641 is seperated from HMX,TATB and PNP through ? alkali reflux. Determination conditions is set as follows the sample is boilingly refluxed for six hour in a constant temperature bath after adding lOOm! 8.0 ?? 0.1% NaOH. The solvent DMF saturated by TATB is used for extracting HMX,F21 and PNP from the sample and TATB is seperated by crucible filter G4. The mass precent of TATB is determined by extraction fractionation. The mass percent of PNP is measured by multiwavlength linear regression ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The testing conditions are set as follows:multiwavlength constitution: X=267nxn, 275nm, 283nm, 29mm, 299nm,the application scope of the Lambert-Beer law: the concentration of PNP is O.005?0.O25mgIml, the concentration of HMX is 0.060.3Omg/ml,absorption coefficents of PNP and HMX are solved by the slope of linear regression curve of absorbency- concentration of standard solution of PNP and HMIX for measuring wavelengthes,on the basis of the Lanibert-Beer law and absorbancy additivity principle, the slope of linear regression curve of A/E(1) and E1 of PNP and HMX solution is regarded as the concentration of PNP in the solution.

根据传爆药中各组分的物理、化学性质及主体炸药的粒度大小，进行综合分析，确定了采用碱回流重量法测定JOB-1C 中F_(2641)的含量，测定条件：加入100ml浓度为8.0±0.1％的氢氧化钠，在恒温水浴中煮沸回流6h；采用溶剂萃取法测定JOB-1C中TATB的含量，选择TATB饱和的二甲基甲酰胺为萃取溶剂，用G4坩埚式过虑器进行萃取分离；采用多波长线性回归紫外分光光度法测定JOB-1C中PNP的含量，通过实验确定了多波长组合：λ=267nm，275nm，283nm，291nm，299nm；朗波—比耳定律的适用范围为PNP浓度：0.005～0.025mg/ml，HMX浓度：0.06～0.30mg/ml；在测定波长下，对PNP、HMX标准溶液的吸光度—浓度进行线性回归，由回归曲线的斜率得出PNP、HMX的吸收系数；根据朗波—比耳定律和吸光度加和性原理，在测定波长下，对PNP、HMX 两组分混合溶液A_i/E_HMX(i与E_PNP(i/E_HMX(i进行线性回归，回归曲线的斜率即为混合溶液中PNP的浓度。

Nevertheless, According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 1-year graft survival rate was signicantly worse in the C4dgroup(62.9%) than in the C4dgroup (83.3%; log-rank P=0.038).(5) The distribution of deficiency syndrome as follows: spleen-kidney Qi deficiency (53.2%), hepatic and renal Yin deficiency (28.6%), spleen-kidney Yang Deficiency (18.2%). The distribution of sthenia syndrome as follows: syndrome of blood stasis(58.4%), damp-heat syndrome(20.8%), pathogenic damp(11.7%).

应用Kaplan-Meier法观察移植肾穿刺后的生存曲线，log-rank比较两组的移植肾生存率，P=0.040，两组穿刺后生存率差异具有统计学意义。6、观察77例慢性移植物肾病中虚证分布情况：脾肾气虚占53.2%，其次是肝肾阴虚占28.6%，脾肾阳虚占18.2%，而没有观察到阴阳两虚患者；实证分布情况：血瘀证占58.4%，其次是湿热证占20.8%，湿浊证占11.7%和水气证占7.8%，没有观察到风动证。

Moreover, the hot compressive deformation behavior of the RS/PM AZ91 magnesium alloy and AZ91 alloy matrix composite were also investigated, the conclusions are drawn as follows:1. The processing parameters of the atomization-twin rolls quenching technology were optimized as follows: the diameter of the nozzle 1mm, the wheel velocity 25m/s, the pressure of atomization gas 0.3MPa and Ar gas for melt injection 0.1MPa. The RS AZ91 alloy flakes exhibited fine and uniform microstructures. When the flakes were extruded at 673K, extruded velocity of 0.1mm/min and extrusion ratio of 25:1,the magnesium alloy rods with clean surface, uniform dimension and excellent mechanical properties were obtained.2. The RS AZ91 magnesium alloy powders prepared by atomization-twin rolls quenched technology exhibited fine equiaxed grains with the grain size of 1-3μm, the phase constituent included supersaturate solid solution phaseα-Mg and miner fineβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. The as-extruded materials also exhibited equiaxed grains with the size of 5-7μm and a large number of fineβ-Al_(12)Mg_(17) and fewer AlMg_2Zn phases were detected in the alloy.

本文还研究了快速凝固/粉末冶金AZ91镁合金热压缩变形流变应力行为，快速凝固/粉末冶金法原位生成Mg_2Si增强AZ91镁基复合材料，经过系统的研究，获得如下结论：1、雾化-双辊急冷法在下列工艺参数组合下：双辊线速度25m/s；喷嘴直径1mm；熔体压射压力0.1MPa；雾化气体压力0.3MPa。，可获得宏观尺寸细小、微观组织均匀细小、综合性能优良的的快速凝固AZ91镁合金细碎箔带，快速凝固箔带在挤压温度为673K、挤压速度为0.1mm/min，挤压比为25：1时，可获得的外表光洁、尺寸均匀、组织性能优异的镁合金棒材。2、雾化-双辊急冷法制备的AZ91镁合金粉末态为细小等轴晶组织，晶粒尺寸1-3μm，组织为α-Mg过饱和固溶体和微量的细小β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相组成；粉末挤压棒材为等轴晶组织，晶粒尺寸5-7μm，组织中含有大量细小的β-Al_(12)Mg_(17)以及AlMg_2Zn析出相，室温力学性能，抗拉强度383MPa，屈服强度275MPa，断后伸长率7.5%。

Basically, the contents of this paper are organized as follows: Firstly, it is interpreted that the technical identifications of higher education and economic growth and the relative theories such as human capital and new economic growth, which can make theatric basis for the further empirical study. After that, the paper is to construct a couple of index systems to depict higher education development and economic growth respectively. At the end of this paper, it will adopt the dynamic econometric models such as Granger causality test, co-integration test, VAR and VECM model, to evaluate the co-relations between the two systems. According to the empirical study, the paper comes to the conclusions as follows:(1) There really exists one-way causality between the economic growth and the higher education, i.e.

本文内容基本安排如下：首先本文阐述经济增长和高等教育发展的内涵及其相关的理论，为本文的实证研究奠定理论基础；然后构建高等教育发展和经济增长两个指标体系，以描述高等教育发展和经济增长两个多因素相互作用的复杂过程；最后本文以1978-2003年的时间序列数据为数据资源，运用Granger 因果检验、协整检验、VAR 模型以其向量误差纠正模型VECM 等动态经济计量模型进行实证分析。

A pontifical Decree dated the 25 February, 1847, and granted at the request of the religious of each observance, divides the Trappist monasteries of France into two congregations: the Ancient Reform of Our Lady of La Trappe, which follows the Rules of de Rance, and the New Reform, which follows the Primitive Observance and is governed by the Charter of Charity.

1宗座法令日期1847年2月25日，并在批出的要求宗教界的相互遵守，划分特拉普寺庙的法国一分为二的毕业典礼：古代我国的改革夫人的La Trappe ；，遵循相关规定的德大获全胜，和新的改革，这是继原始遵守和，是受联合国宪章慈善机构。

The distribution of lifetimes of species follows an approximate power law only over a limited regime, and the distribution of trophic level follows an exponential attenuation.

首先，在第一章中介绍了数学生态学和生态模型发展的几个热点，然后介绍了Chowdhury等的统一的宏观和微观的生态模型及它的发展情况。

The results were as follows:The unit-roots characters (weight, length etc.) and 15N absorption decreased progressively downward. 15N absorbed by any unit roots could be transported from root to tiller and from tiller to tiller, but the transporting ratio was different.The pattern was as follows: when 15N was offered to total roots of plant or only to primary roots, it was transported to main stem and then decreassingly to tillers from lower unit to upper one, when 15N was offered to n unit-root, it was transported to n unit tillers, then to n + 2 or n-2 unit tillers , followed by n + 1 or n -1 unit tillers , and finally to other unfeed roots.

各单位根吸收(15)~N后，蘖根之间，蘖蘖之间皆可互相运转，但其运转比例不同，其功能模式是：(15)~N喂全株根或专喂初生根，则先供给主茎，其次是分蘖，而且随蘖位升高而递减；喂n单位根，则先供给n单位本身，其次是n+2或n-2单位的蘖，然后是n+1或n-1单位的蘖，最后是未喂(15)~N的根系。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。