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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

Barrel Roll : Gragas rolls his cask to a location, which can be activated again to explode after arriving or will explode on its own after 5 seconds, dealing damage to enemy units in the area.

滚桶：将手中的酒桶滚向一个指定地点，在达到目标位置后可以主动引爆，对周围的敌人造成伤害。如果5秒内没有引爆的话，酒桶将会自动爆炸

The theoretic and finite element analysis of monition explode in concrete are got.The principle of ammunition explode or shock bridge and finite thickness dynamic deform are analyzed by the blunt bullet strike the bridge.

分析了弹丸冲击桥梁的动态响应，用有限元方法对钝头弹冲击梁的过程进行了仿真，得到了梁的破坏过程，梁的应变云图，测点的速度、加速度和位移响应。

The traditional snack also has it all, the old Beijing's sausage, the strong-smelling fermented beancurd, explode the stomach, the tea soup ......Also has north Chiangnan's famous specialty product, the Tianjin dog pays no attention to the steamed stuffed bun, 18 street bread twists, the Mongolian barbecued mutton, the Hong Kong Buddha jumps the wall,......Most unusual is this insect feast, any cicada, the centipede, the spider, the seahorse, the scorpion all can explode are eating, looked I all am tremble with fear!

传统小吃也一应俱全，老北京的灌肠、臭豆腐、爆肚、茶汤……还有大江南北的名特产品，天津狗不理包子、十八街麻花、蒙古烤羊肉、香港佛跳墙、……最奇特的还是这昆虫宴，什么蝉、蜈蚣、蜘蛛、海马、蝎子都能炸着吃，看得我都是胆战心惊！

Though normally mildmannered, she would explode into a rage or burst into tears, shout and throw chairs, or storm out of the room when interviewed.

尽管她通常温文尔雅，但会突然大发雷霆或失声痛哭，大喊大叫或乱扔椅子，或者在接受问话时冲出房间。

She is not in the washroom and then stopping, because it is finally his own point of view that he cares about and not hers, and with this firmly in mind, and a light, confident step, such as you might find in the works of Bulwer-Lytton, he enters the space she occupies so prettily and, taking her by the hand, proceeds to tear off the stiff white hospital gown (but no, we cannot have that kind of pornographic merde in this majestic and high-minded sentence, which will probably end up in the Library of Congress)(that was just something that took place inside his consciousness, as he looked at her, and since we know that consciousness is always consciousness of something, she is not entirely without responsibility in the matter) so, then, taking her by the hand, he falls into the stupendous white puree of her abyss, no, I mean rather that he asks her how long it has been since her last visit, and she says a fortnight, and he shudders, and tells her that with a condition like hers (she is an immensely popular soldier, and her troops win all their battles by pretending to be forests, the enemy discovering, at the last moment, that those trees they have eaten their lunch under have eyes and swords)(which reminds me of the performance, in 1845, of Robert-Houdin, called The Fantastic Orange Tree, wherein Robert-Houdin borrowed a lady's handkerchief, rubbed it between his hands and passed it into the center of an egg, after which he passed the egg into the center of a lemon, after which he passed the lemon into the center of an orange, then pressed the orange between his hands, making it smaller and smaller, until only a powder remained, whereupon he asked for a small potted orange tree and sprinkled the powder thereupon, upon which the tree burst into blossom, the blossoms turning into oranges, the oranges turning into butterflies, and the butterflies turning into beautiful young ladies, who then married members of the audience), a condition so damaging to real-time social intercourse of any kind, the best thing she can do is give up, and lay down her arms, and he will lie down in them, and together they will permit themselves a bit of the old slap and tickle, she wearing only her Mr.

然后阻止，因为到最后那是他自己的关心的观点而不是她的，在他的脑子里根深蒂固，他自信地走了一步，这就像你也许会在布尔沃？里顿的作品中看到的一样，他进入兴高采烈地进入她占有的空间，抓住她的手，开始撕开他白色僵直的病号衣（但是我们没有在他冠冕堂皇的充满智慧的语句中发现那种带有色情的废话，那也许会在国会图书馆中绝迹）（在他的意识中有一些东西正在被替代，当他看她的时候，就如我们知道的意识始终是意识，她在这个事情中不是完全没有责任的），所以，然后抓起她的手，他掉进了她深渊的巨大白色水中，不，我想他问她自从她上回来已经多久了，她说有两个星期了，他战栗着告诉她她现在的情况（她是一个非常受欢迎的女兵，她的部队通过埋伏在森林里赢得了所有的战斗，在最后的时刻敌人发现了，那些他们吃掉他们午餐的树有了眼睛和剑）（这使我想起了一八四五年罗伯特？乌丹的演出，叫做《奇幻橘子树》，在其中罗伯特？

She is not in the washroom and then stopping, because it is finally his own point of view that he cares about and not hers, and with this firmly in mind, and a light, confident step, such as you might find in the works of Bulwer-Lytton, he enters the space she occupies so prettily and, taking her by the hand, proceeds to tear off the stiff white hospital gown (but no, we cannot h39e that kind of pornographic merde in this majestic and high-minded sentence, which will probably end up in the Library of Congress)(that was just something that took place inside his consciousness, as he looked at her, and since we know that consciousness is always consciousness of something, she is not entirely without responsibility in the matter) so, then, taking her by the hand, he falls into the stupendous white puree of her abyss, no, I mean rather that he asks her how long it has been since her last visit, and she says a fortnight, and he shudders, and tells her that with a condition like hers (she is an immensely popular soldier, and her troops win all their battles by pretending to be forests, the enemy discovering, at the last moment, that those trees they h39e eaten their lunch under h39e eyes and swords)(which reminds me of the performance, in 1845, of Robert-Houdin, called The Fantastic Orange Tree, wherein Robert-Houdin borrowed a lady's handkerchief, rubbed it between his hands and passed it into the center of an egg, after which he passed the egg into the center of a lemon, after which he passed the lemon into the center of an orange, then pressed the orange between his hands, making it 56aller and 56aller, until only a powder remained, whereupon he asked for a 56all potted orange tree and sprinkled the powder thereupon, upon which the tree burst into blossom, the blossoms turning into oranges, the oranges turning into butterflies, and the butterflies turning into beautiful young ladies, who then married members of the audience), a condition so damaging to real-time social intercourse of any kind, the best thing she can do is give up, and lay down her arms, and he will lie down in them, and together they will permit themselves a bit of the old slap and tickle, she wearing only her Mr.

然后阻止，因为到最后那是他自己的关心的观点而不是她的，在他的脑子里根深蒂固，他自信地走了一步，这就像你也许会在布尔沃？里顿的作品中看到的一样，他进入兴高采烈地进入她占有的空间，抓住她的手，开始撕开他白色僵直的病号衣（但是我们没有在他冠冕堂皇的充满智慧的语句中发现那种带有色情的废话，那也许会在国会图书馆中绝迹）（在他的意识中有一些东西正在被替代，当他看她的时候，就如我们知道的意识始终是意识，她在这个事情中不是完全没有责任的），所以，然后抓起她的手，他掉进了她深渊的巨大白色水中，不，我想他问她自从她上回来已经多久了，她说有两个星期了，他战栗着告诉她她现在的情况（她是一个非常受欢迎的女兵，她的部队通过埋伏在森林里赢得了所有的战斗，在最后的时刻敌人发现了，那些他们吃掉他们午餐的树有了眼睛和剑）（这使我想起了一八四五年罗伯特？乌丹的演出，叫做《奇幻橘子树》，在其中罗伯特？

On the other hand, beautiful thoughts of all kinds crystallize into habits of grace and kindliness, which solidify into genial and sunny circumstances; thoughts of courage, self-reliance, and decision crystallize into manly habits, which solidify into circumstances of success, plenty, and freedom; gentle and forgiving thoughts crystallize into habits of gentleness, which solidify into protective and preservative circumstances; loving and unselfish thoughts crystallize into habits of self-forgetfulness for others, which solidify into circumstances of sure and abiding prosperity and true riches.

截然相反的是，各种美好的思想会转变成坚强的习惯，它们会促成充满欢乐的环境；勇敢，自信与果断的思想会转变成坚强的习惯，它们会巩固充满成功，富足与自由的环境；文雅，宽大的思想会转变成温和的习惯，它们能进一步推进安全的，有保障的环境；充满爱心的，慷慨的思想转变成无私的习惯，它们会形成稳定，繁荣，真正富足的环境。——摘自《痛苦是错误思想的结果》詹姆斯。艾伦

Green then went into the kitchen and, when he returned, said he had opened the propane tank and they needed to get out of the house because it was about to explode, Bierce said.

比尔茨说，接下来格林进了厨房，之后返回来说，他把煤气罐打开了。大家要马上离开这里，煤气罐要爆炸了。

As an open system, it is easy for reactants and solvents to vapor into microwave oven, and catch on fire or even explode once they once they touch the spark.

因为是敞开的反应体系，反应物和溶剂易挥发到微波炉体内，一碰着火星就会着火甚至爆炸。

A backer of an Afghan law that critics say legalizes marital rape has rejected the international outcry as foreign meddling.

饱受批评的一项法律的拥护者说合法化的婚内暴力不会受国际舆论的干涉。

Years ago, a ancient Egyptian fleet went to the Land of punt for seeking a kind of flavor named "myrrh", and aromatic plants which has dense exotic style for the queen Hatshepsut.

3500年前的一个古埃及的舰队到&彭特之地&寻找一种叫没药的香料。