查询词典 estimation

When the random error is not subject to normal distribution, the least absolute deviation estimation is superior to the least squares estimation. In addition, the robustness of the least absolute deviation estimation is also better than that of the least squares estimation.

在随机误差不服从正态分布的问题中，最小一乘估计的统计性能优于最小二乘枯计；另外，最小一乘估计的稳健性更强。

Limit theorems, asymptotic methods, asymptotic efficiency and efficiency bounds for estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayes methods, asymptotics via derivatives of functionals, sample-based estimates of variability:; robustness; estimation for dependent data, nonparametric estimation and testing.

高级统计推断理论：极限理论，渐进方法，渐进有效和估计的效率，加大似然估计，贝叶斯方法，泛函数的微商渐进性，基于样本的估计：(bootstrap 和 jackknife方法)；稳健性；独立数据的估计，非参数估计和经验。

STAT 581 Advanced Theory of Statistical Inference (3) Limit theorems, asymptotic methods, asymptotic efficiency and efficiency bounds for estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayes methods, asymptotics via derivatives of functionals, sample-based estimates of variability:; robustness; estimation for dependent data, nonparametric estimation and testing.

高级统计推断理论：极限理论，渐进方法，渐进有效和估计的效率，加大似然估高级统计推断理论：计，贝叶斯方法，泛函数的微商渐进性，基于样本的估计：(bootstrap 和 jackknife 方法)；稳健性；独立数据的估计，非参数估计和经验。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

In logic level, the application of the binary decision diagrams, Markov Chain and boolean difference in power estimation is introduced first, the strategy about how to make a balance between estimation accuracy and estimation velocity is introduced secondly, after that, the new problems emerged in the power estimation of the sequential circuit and the resolution is given out, the power estimation method based on the logic simulation is introduced at last.

在逻辑级功耗估计方法中，首先介绍了二叉判决图、马尔可夫链、布尔差分在功耗估计中的使用，其次研究了功耗估计速度和精度之间进行折衷的方法，然后介绍了时序电路功耗估计中出现的问题以及解决方法，最后介绍了基于逻辑模拟的功耗估计方法。

A novel approach for abnormal work condition recognition of internal combustion engine valve drain by monitoring vibration is proposed based on multivariate state estimation techniques and sequential probability ratio test.

提出了一种基于多元状态估计(Multivariate State Estimation Techniques， MSET)和序贯概率比检验(Sequential Probability Ratio Test， SPRT)的内燃机气阀机构振动监测方法。

Compared with the maximum likelihood estimation which is commonly used for type-I censored data in engineering, the presented method can reach a high precision by simple calculation, and the estimators show best unbiased property with small sample.

与目前工程中常用的极大似然估计(maximum likelihood estimation， MLE)方法相比，文中方法所得估计量不但在大样本而且在小样本情况下也具有最佳无偏性质，且计算简单、精度高，便于工程应用。

Combined GIS with MATLAB, the automatic extraction of RS and geography information of sample plots was realized.5. Introduced the resist-PCA estimation method to build the estimation formula on crown density, stock volume and diameter breast height, good forecast accuracy was achieved and the deficiency of traditional LMS parameter estimation was made up.6. The estimation process software of the model was developed, including data pretreatment, weight function selection, LMS estimation, PCS estimation, resist-PCA estimation, accuracy assessment and other function models, in order to c

摘要4、结合Gls和MATLAB技术实现对样地遥感信息和地理环境信息的自动提取。5、引入抗差主成分估计方法建立郁闭度、蓄积量、胸径的估测方程，取得了良好的估测精度，弥补了传统最小二乘参数估计的不足。6、开发了模型估测处理软件，包括数据预处理、权函数选择，LS估计，主成分估计、抗差主成分估计、精度评价等模块，实现数据处理、模型研建与精度评价的自动化、一体化。

Programs for Emission Cost Control Estimation System have been developed, which can predict the costs of emission, coal mix, desulphurization, discharge fee, emission allowance trade, and equivalent price with externality of electricity generation, and reduction of emission, and provide an optimized plan.

开发出SO2排放成本控制测算系统（SO2 Emissions cost Control Estimation System，以下简称ECCES）软件，可模拟实际情况，预测发电厂和发电集团公司的SO2排放成本、换煤成本、脱硫成本、排污缴费成本、排污交易成本、环保折价成本、减排成本和SO2成本控制最佳方案等。

We stick to combination between qualitative estimation and quantify estimation. We stick to combination between students" self-estimation and other people"s estimation. We try to make estimation transverse the whole process of the study of school-based curriculum.

课程评价是课程编制的一个重要环节，在校本课程《化学与生活》中我们倡导评价目标的多元化和评价方式的多样化，坚持终结性评价和过程评价相结合、定性评价与定量评价相结合、学生自评互评与他人评价相结合，努力将评价贯穿于校本课程学习的全过程。

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人