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We discuss the relation between elementary maps and ring isomorphisms, andwe give a characterization of elementary maps on stndard operator algebras on Banachspaces, JSL-algebras and nest algebras. For Jordan-triple elementeary maps, we provetheir additivity on a class of ring and show a relation of them with Jordan isomorphisms. Furthermore. we describe the Jordan elementary maps on standard operator algebrasand nest algebras. We also study the semi-Jordan elementary maps on effect algebrasand the space of self adjoint operators.

研究了算子代数上的初等映射和环同构的关系，完全刻画了Banach空间上标准算子代数，JSL代数和套代数上的初等映射；讨论了Jordan-triple初等映射的可加性以及它和Jordan同构的关系，进而完全刻画了Banach空间上标准算子代数和套代数上的Jordan-triple初等映射；刻画了效应代数和自伴算子空间上的semi-Jordan初等映射。

The chain-condensation reaction and its reversible reaction are the key controlling elementary reactions of the copolymerization mechanism for the studied system,while the chain initiation elementary reactions are not the key controlling elementary reactions of the copolymerization mechanism for the studied system.

其中，链引发及其逆反应对D4/APAEDMS的本体共聚反应没有直接调控作用，而链缩合及其逆反应是本体系反应机理不同于纯活性阴离子聚合或逐步聚合反应机理的关键原因。

The brief proof is given for " row elementary operation s keep the linear relationship of column vectors of matrix",by using multiplication of partitioned matrix and the relation between elementary matrix and elementary operation.

利用初等矩阵与初等变换的对应关系及分块矩阵的乘法，给出矩阵的行初等变换不改变其列向量组的线性关系的一个简易证明。

In this part, the distribution of stable states of a system is worked out under the condition of unbalanced attention parameters on basis of analyzing elementary dynamic equation and synergetic potential function, which improved the discussion of relevant properties of basic synergetic equations. Then, with the analysis of effects of attention parameters in synergetic dynamics, a set of elementary properties are presented to give light how the attention parameters work on pattern recognition process. In the end, in view of geometric sense in synergetic order parameters, some elementary properties are studied, by which a new construction method of order parameters is established so as to provide a general way to constitute new relations of prototype patterns according to practical requirements.

首先在分析了协同模式识别的基本动力学方程及协同势函数的基础上给出了注意参数不平衡情形下系统稳定状态的分布，完善了对协同模式识别基本方程相关性质的讨论；其次，分析了注意参数在协同动力学过程的作用，并给出了注意参数的一些基本性质，指出了注意参数对模式识别过程产生的影响；然后，从协同序参量的几何意义出发，研究了协同序参量的基本性质，并在指出其局限性的同时建立了新序参量的构造方法，从而能够更一般地根据要求建立模式间的新关系，促进识别过程的进行。

At last , some investgation is made to change about elementary constant of the universe in today ,which demonstrates that elementary constant of the universe in today would change at a ratio of 2.3387723548904887*1050 per year which means that elementary constant of the universe in today would remain as an constant unchanged within one million years if its accuracy fix on the 4th digit after radix point of 7.7577806787995708*1060 As a reminder , both elementary constant of the unvierse elementary constant of the unvierse in today have nothing to do with the cosmic constant introduced by Mr.

基本宇宙常数是一个变化的物理常数，其数值变化的速率为：2.3387723548904887*1050 ，与今天基本宇宙常数7.7577806787995708*1060 相比较，如果在保持今天宇宙常数的数量级不变的情况下将精确度选定在小数点后第4位，那么今天基本宇宙常数将在100万年之内保持不变。

This chapter berifly analyses the necesasity of Rural Elementary and Middle Schools Budget Compilation and put forward the paper motivation and research objiectives. Chapter two is Theory of Rural Elementary and Middle Schools Budget Compilation. Chapter three is Design of Rural Elementary and Middle Schools Budget Compilation.This chapter introduces the principles、process、main contents and ways in the Rural Elementary and Middle Schools Budget Compilation,and sets up the systermic framework in the research of Rural Elementary and Middle Schools Budget Compilation. Chapter four is reform in Rural Elementary and Middle Schools Budget Compilation.

本篇论文以理论为指导，以解决迫在眉捷的实际问题为目的，用四个部分论述了免费教育背景下的农村中小学预算编制：第一部分是论述其必要性、紧迫性和研究的意义及创新之处；第二部分是预算编制的理论基础；第三部分是预算编制的具体设计，分别从预算编制的原则、编制流程、主要内容和编制方法等方面进行系统设计，以期为推动改革提供可供借鉴的基本框架。

Finally, the condition examining and schema decomposition algorithm are given.Fourthly, The definitions of elementary merge dependency set and minimum elementary merge dependency set are put forward. The weak leftside conflict and weak rightside conflict in the minimum elementary merge dependency set are defined. The conclusion that when the minimum elementary merge dependency set has weak left side conflicts or weak right side conflict is reached, The decomposition meeting PEK isα-cyclic is given. The algorithms of calculating the minimum elementary merge dependency set and examining the conflicts are given.

给出了条件的判定算法和数据库模式的分解算法。4、提出初等归并依赖集和初等最小归并依赖集的概念，定义初等最小规并依赖集的弱左部冲突和弱右部冲突，讨论了初等最小归并依赖集下的冲突问题，给出了在FD集F其初等最小归并依赖集D中存在弱左，右部冲突时模式分解为满足PEK为有α环的结论，并给出了初等最小归并依赖集的求解方法，冲突的判定算法。

The research indicate that the aquatic ecosystem of Wuhan city lakes now is: elementary production and consumption keep high amount, and accumulate in the water bodies, then the benthon ,so much as fish's community to decline seriously, cause the main nutrients cycle and energy circulation in the system is obstructed, that means the "elementary production-elementary consumption-advanced consumption" replaced by the "elementary production-elementary consumption-analyze by itself – reproduction", this circulation of the the nutrients is unfavorable to the system.

生态系统结构研究表明武汉市湖泊水生生态系统目前所处状态：初级生产和初级消费维持较高生产量和现存量，在水体中积累，而较高层次的底栖生物乃致鱼类群落严重衰退，导致系统中主要物质和能量循环：初级生产—初级消费—高级消费受阻，代之而起的是初级生产、初级消费—自行分解—再生产的循环，不利于系统中物质转移。

His mother was the athletic theory researcher of Arcola Lake Elementary institute in Miami dade.

他的母亲是迈阿密戴迪郡Arcola Lake Elementary学院的运动理论的研究员。

This essay aims to probe into the creation and identification of cultural symbols. Firstly, the relationship between development and symbolism of architectural forms in Taiwan through out different eras are sorted. Secondly, how the operation of school architectures has changed from the iconic form into the "space" analogical form is discussed through the study of Tannan Elementary School, which was built up in the mountain of Nantou after the 921 Earthquake. In the end of the essay, the unique architectural operation of another aboriginal school, Minho Elementary School, has demonstrated that the development of school architectures is still dominated by the cultural symbol of "political correctness" in Taiwan after the 921 Earthquake.

本文以「文化象徵」 Cultural Symbols 的创造与辨识为主题，先整理各个时期台湾建筑形式的发展与象徵性的紧密关系；然后以921地震后，在南投山村间出现的一间原住民小学 aboriginal elementary Tannan Elementary School 为研究对象，说明台湾学校建筑已从符号 iconic 象徵性的浅层操作开始进入「空间类型」类比化的建筑操作；文末另以一间原住民小学 Minho Elementary School 的回异操作方法，印证台湾在921地震后的这波学校建筑的发展，仍然被「政治正确」的文化表徵所支配。

We are interested in your suggestions about appointing us to be the single dealer.

对贵方建议由我方担任独家经销商一事，我们颇感兴趣。

Three types of empty-shell marriages have been identified. In a devitalized relationship husband and wife lack excitement or any real interest in their spouse or their marriage.

一种是死气沉沉的婚姻：在这种婚姻关系中夫妻俩对于配偶或婚姻缺乏激情，或者缺乏真正的兴趣。