查询词典 divergence

At each level, the parameters, hyper parameters and model parameters are adjusted to minimize the Kullback-Leibler divergence between their posteriors and real distributions so that the variable free energy can approach the real free energy.

在指出证据框架和自由能最小化方法等贝叶斯推理方法的局限性的前提下，通过对比证据框架的方法，提出了自由能框架的概念，将通常难以求解的自由能最小化过程分解成参数自由能最小化、超参数自由能最小化、模型参数自由能最小化等层次，在每个层次上调节参数、超参数和模型参数，使其后验分布为其真实分布之同的Kullback-Leibler距最小，以使可变自由能逼近真实自由能。

In this study, the genomic structure and regulatory elements of ApoD from 10 representive species including protozoan, invertebrate, protochordate and vertebrate were analyzed and compared. The genomic structure of ApoD is less conserved in organisms from protostome to deuterostome invertebrates, while it is highly conserved among chordates including amphioxus and verebrates. All four conserved cysteine residues are present in amino acid sequence of deuterostome ApoDs, while there are only two cysteine residues in amino acid sequence of protostomes ApoD. Structure divergence between protostome and deuterostome ApoD proteins suggests their function difference. The majority of regulatory elements are present in nearly all organism ApoD genes ranging from unicellular protozoan to mammals, suggesting that ApoD plays a very fundamental role, and possesses a conserved regulatory mechanism. However, there also exist some specific regulatory elements, which are present only in certain species and may perform some special roles.ApoD mRNA expression in murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts exposed to various stresses such as as hydrogen peroxide and UV light shows dose-dependent increase. And a fly homolog of ApoD, Glial Lazarillo, whose overexpression results in increased resistance to hyperoxia as well as a extension of lifespan under normoxia and resistance to starvation without altering lipid or protein content.

本文首先从生物信息学角度对分属于原生动物、无脊椎动物、头索动物和脊椎动物类群的10种动物ApoD的基因结构及调控区的调控元件进行分析及比较，发现：(1)ApoD基因外显子-内含子结构从原生动物草履虫到原口动物再到后口动物海胆的进化过程中不保守，但在分析的几种脊椎动物中相当保守；(2)文昌鱼ApoD基因扮演从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物承上启下的角色，可能代表了脊椎动物ApoD基因原型；(3)四个半胱氨酸保守位点在后口动物中都存在，而在原口动物中只存在两个，原口、后口动物ApoD蛋白一级结构上的差异反映蛋白功能上可能也存在一定差别；(4)调控区大多数主要调控元件为不同动物共有，说明ApoD主要功能及其表达调控在进化中相当保守；(5)ApoD基因个别调控元件是随着物种进化而出现并开始发挥相关作用，如SF-1；还有一些调控元件在进化过程中还没有发现其规律，这说明ApoD某些功能和基因表达调控模式可能因物种不同而存在一定的差异。

So it might be general situation that the low divergence rate of molecular characters exist in old and not well isolated reproductivity

对于古老的、生殖隔离不明显的种类，分子特征的低趋异率可能有一定的普遍性。

The method provides theoretic basis for divergence of agent levels,then translates operational goals set into HRAFSM,at last simulatively executes operational goals set according to simulation executing HRAFSM.

该方法为代理的层次划分提供了理论支持，并将操作目标集合转换成了基于规则的层次式有穷状态自动机，通过对基于规则的层次式有穷状态自动机的模拟执行，达到了对操作目标集合的模拟执行。

The source and development of theoretical divergence between socialism and liberalism will be clarified sketchily in Chapter One. It can be seen that socialism criticized the theoretic basic of liberalism and the capitalistic reality in most time before 20~ century.

本文第一章将大略考察社会主义和自由主义理论分歧的起源和发展。20世纪以前，主要是社会主义批评自由主义的理论基础和资本主义社会现实。

The decreased threshold shear velocity and unsaturated sand flows at the stoss slope of the dunes resulted the erosion at the toe of the dune. Under the medium and low drifting-sand winds the sands being transported have divergence with that on the surface, the mean grain size of transported sands is lower than that on the surface and the sand transporting is a stochastic process.

起动剪切速度减小与不饱和风沙流是沙物质在横向沙丘迎风坡坡脚不能产生沉积的主要原因；再者，平均风速并不能完全反映野外实际状态下气流的性质，在低－中强度的风沙活动过程中，被输送的沙物质的粒度组成与下垫面物质有明显的差异。

Lack of interspecific mtDNA RFLP,namely the close genetic similarity of these four fish species,is possibly resulted from the sympatric speciation and their short divergence time.

结果表明，这四种鲤鱼在种内和种间均缺乏mtDNA RFLP。这种现象在鱼类种间的mtDNA的RFLP研究中是罕见的。

The average sequence divergence between individuals was 0.0006, while the range within a population and between populations were both 0-0.0013. Fst values were 0.0704, 0.0491, and 0.0792 for Cox1, ND1, and the combination of both genes. These data showed significant genetic variances (P.05) among geographic populations. The taimen populations in Heilongjiang River could be divided into four subpopulations based on Fst values between these geographic populations. However, these populations shared one common haplotype (BH11) shown by haplotype network and haplotype distribution frequency analysis. This suggested that they evolved from a common ancestor (likely a population in the upstream of the Heilongjiang river) and shared common gene flows.

单倍型网络和AMOVA分析结果均表明黑龙江流域哲罗鲑存在显著的群体分化，Cox1基因、ND1基因及组合数据的群体间Fst分别为0.0704、0.0491、0.0792，均达到显著性水平（P.05），根据配对群体间Fst可以将黑龙江流域哲罗鲑群体分为黑龙江上游群体、呼玛河群体、乌苏里江群体、内蒙古伊敏河上游群体4个地理群。9个群体共享同一个单倍型（BH11），表明这些群体具有相同的演化历史，为同一个祖先群体演化而来。

The results of genetic analysis, such as GC content, transition/transversion rate ratios, synonymous substitution rates, indicated that the br fragments with high level of genetic divergence are faced with both purifying selection and bias mutation pressure.

随后的遗传分析，包括GC含量、转换与颠换的比率、同义突变率分析，表明br基因间具有较高的遗传分歧程度，并面临着净化选择和偏倚突变压的双重抑制。

Although only 246bp sequenced in domain I, transition,transversion and percentage of divergence are higher than domain III.

灰雁和鸿雁mtDNA控制区序列转换数远大于颠换数，表明家鹅线粒体控制区序列在种间、控制区区域间表现出不同的变异模式。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。