查询词典 critical path method

Introduces the notion of Feynman's path integrals and path integrals approach to financial modeling; Derives the path-dependent options pricing formula by making use of the Lagrange form of path integrals; Discusses Ilinski(2003)'s Gauge model which based on path integrals and fibre bundle, and its application for real-options evaluation; Summarizes the general modeling framework of options evaluation, taking advantage of the Hamilton form of path integrals; Applies the Geske-Johnson's analytical approximation in the path integrals form to the real-options evaluation for investment decisions, detailed procedure is presented under the assumption that underlying asset price dynamic follows a geometric Brownian motion, and the integral reduction for multivariate normal integrals and polynomial approximation for real-options evaluation is given.

系统论述了路径积分概念方法及其在期权估值中的应用，利用路径积分方法的Lagrange表述推导了路径依赖期权定价公式：探讨了基于路径积分和纤维丛的Gauge模型思想方法在实物期权价值评估中的应用；利用路径积分的Hamilton表述形式，总结了基于Hamilton表述的期权估值一般化框架；基于路径积分的形式框架建立了一个新的投资期权估值模型，并在具体的估值算法中给出了多重正态积分的降阶计算和期权价值的多项式逼近方法。

After systematically summarizing the relevant research based on object-oriented integration testing and MM path; this thesis does classification research to MM path from the reason of producing MM path, the effect scope of MM path and the structure of MM path; carries out an formalized representation of MM path to support integration testing based on MM path.

本文从程序代码出发，通过词法和语法分析获取相关分支和调用信息，实现了MM路径的自动生成；重点探讨了从UML规格说明生成MM路径的方法，利用消息响应表记录面向对象系统的交互信息，提出了一种从UML状态图自动生成原子MM路径的方法，为基于MM路径的面向对象集成测试研究奠定了基础。

The invention belongs to the fluid measuring technical field and relates to an oil, gas and water three-phase oil well continuous gauging device, which comprises a high-efficient gas-liquid separator; the high-efficient gas-liquid separator is connected with an oil, gas and water three-phase inflowing port; a gas phase outlet of the oil, gas and water three-phase inflowing port is connected with a gas phase measuring pipeline; a gas path temperature sensor, a gas path pressure sensor and a gas path endocone flowmeter with high-frequency differential pressure transmitter are arranged on the gas phase measuring pipeline; a liquid phase outlet of the high-efficient gas-liquid separator is connected with a liquid phase measuring pipeline; a liquid path Coriolis mass flowmeter and a liquid path endocone flowmeter are arranged on the liquid phase measuring pipeline; and the cross section of the pipeline for mounting the liquid path Coriolis mass flowmeter is more than the cross section of the pipeline for mounting the liquid path endocone flowmeter.

本发明属于流体测量技术领域，涉及一种油、气、水三相油井连续计量装置，包括高效气液分离器，高效气液分离器与油、气、水三相流入口相连，其气相出口与气相测量管路相连，在气相测量管路上装有气路温度传感器、气路压力传感器、带有高频差压变送器的气路内锥流量计；高效气液分离器的液相出口与液相测量管路相连，在液相测量管路上装有液路科氏质量流量计和液路内锥流量计，安装液路科氏质量流量计的管路的截面积大于安装液路内锥流量计的管路的截面积。

By the detail discussion onthe hardware of the smooth path control system of single-chip microcomputer developed and the system software including new type continuous smooth path software, the analyzing of international standard program languageISO andthe attempt to developmental application in the smooth path control systemand experiment have been done, the description of the smooth path of the non-circular curive such as ellipse, hyperbola, parabola and their realignment has been realized by the way directly to input their parameters. The correctnesson the priciple and the method of the continuous smooth path control and the forthright on programing method hayed been proved by the experiment, new way to realize higher accracy continuous smooth path control has been developed.

通过对所研制成功的单片微机平滑轨迹控制系统硬件和包括新型的连续平滑轨迹生成软件在内的系统软件的详细描述，进行了国际通用标准编程语言△ISO标准编码的分析和在平猾轨迹控制系统中扩展应用的尝试和实验，实现了椭圆、抛物线、双曲线等非圆曲线及其组合的直接参数输入的平滑轨迹轮廓描述，并通过实验证明了连续平滑轨迹控制原理及方法的正确性和程序编制的简捷性，为实现高精度连续平滑轨迹控制开辟了一条新的途径。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

Aiming at the problem of path planning algorithm for a mobile robot based on artificial neural network, in this paper we use the method of revising path partially and path tension to fulfill the optimal path, so as to fit to different interference degree of the path with every obstacles and be able to get optimal path in all of complex environments.

针对移动机器人路径规划的人工神经网络算法所存在的问题，提出应用局部路径修正和路径&张紧&法加以改进，以便适应多个障碍物的不同要求，在复杂环境下实现规划路径最优化，并证验其有效性。

The supply chain integrates a status":This research investigates the status of the supply chain integration with the standpoint of the organization function and the closed path standpoint; Function standpoint :Enhance the enterprise internal function, promote supply chain integration worth, include a green environmental protection supply chain, supply chain security etc. value activity, carry on horizontal and vertical to integrate a promotion project; Closed path standpoint :Get into an international marketing by the integration value of the closed path, the different industry that creates a supply chain to totally use closed path and look for to have a closed path resource carries on an alliance and develops the value of the closed path integration."

供应链整合状态」：本研究以组织功能观点及通路观点来探究供应链整合状态；功能观点：强化企业内部功能，促进供应链整合价值，包含绿色环保供应链、供应链安全等价值活动，进水平与垂直整合推动计画；通路观点：以通路的整合价值进入国际市场销，建供应链共用通、寻求具有通资源的业进盟，发挥通路整合价值。

Based on the path-state query technology, the target path-state is prejudged if the target path state fulfills the switching condition before the path-switching is executed; thereby, the success rate of path-switching is improved and the possibility that the path-switching has the influence on the storage performance of the system is reduced.

通过本发明实施例，可以在真正执行倒换前，预先判断是否满足倒换条件，从而提高路径倒换成功率，并降低路径倒换对系统存储性能产生影响的可能性。

The physical character of the super-critical hydrogen in the regenerative cooling channel is studied : started with the physical character of the super-critical hydrogen , using the method of least square , figuring out the state equation which is applicable to the state from liquid to the super-critical in the super-critical pressure , the constrained convection and the heat transfer in the super-critical channel are simulated using the equation , the results of the simulation are identical with the experiment in the same condition .

对再生冷却通道内的超临界氢的物性进行了研究：从超临界氢物性的实验结果入手，用最小二乘法拟合出适用于超临界压力下氢由液态过渡到超临界态的状态方程，并利用该方程对超临界氢管内强迫对流换热进行了数值仿真，仿真结果与相同条件下实验结果相一致。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

"The operators will suffer a temporary decrease in the number of consumers and short message services as people may not like having to provide their ID cards for a phone number," Xu Junqi, vice-dean with the Policy-Making Institute of the Telecommunications Research Centre under MII, said yesterday.

信息产业部下属的通信决策研究院副主任徐俊其昨天说：&实行手机实名制后，人们可能不太情愿用身份证注册手机号，所以通信运营商会暂时面临用户减少和短信用户减少的问题。&

I don't believe in make-believe!

我不相信这些虚构的故事。