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In view of the questions in theoretic analysis and numerical simulation with the finite element method,the separation criterion of chips, the surface contact, the setting of friction coefficient,and the thermal stress coupling are researched. A simulation example is presented by applying the finite element analysis software-ANSYS,and the change of stress and strain in metal cutting process, the forming of shear plane and the influence of the temperature field on metal cutting are analyzed. The tool's strength is also analyzed.

基于理论分析和实际有限元数值模拟计算中遇到的问题，研究、讨论了切屑分离标准、表面接触、摩擦系数的设定、切屑与工件之间的连接以及热应力耦合分析等各项技术，并应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS，具体分析了金属切削过程中应力和应变的变化、剪切面的形成以及温度场对金属切削的影响，并依此对刀具作强度分析，得到若干结论。

The shearing failure of structural plane is considered to be corresponding to the maximum of real contact area, a criterion is given to distinguish the shearing failure of structural plane and a new select method of shear strength is brought forward subsequently; Examine the influence of geometrical features and thickness of weak intercalation on the integrative strength of weak structural plane based on the composing of basic strengths, formative mechanism of shearing plane and failure pattern; and present the quantitative relation between the strength and thickness.

4详细研究了依附型滑动面中的硬性结构面和软弱结构面力学特性和破坏模式，对硬性结构面引入摩擦学中的粘着摩擦理论，着重研究结构面在剪切过程中实际接触面的变化规律，提出实际接触面积的最大点即为强度破坏点，并结合实际数据进行了验证；对软弱结构面则从其基本强度的组成、内部剪切面的形成机理和破坏模式入手，研究了结构面的几何特性、夹层厚度和强度关系对软弱结构面综合强度值的影响，并给出了定量关系式。

Formulas of shearing stress and bending stress were derived, and the failure criterion was given in the paper.

推导了根茬在切割过程中受到的剪应力、弯曲应力计算公式，给出了破坏准则。

The most important criterion for pearl assessment is its shininess. Good pearls are mysteriously charming with life with satiny glow from within.

光泽。评定珍珠的最主要标准首推光泽度，其仿如由内里透出的光芒，为珍珠添上一层神秘面纱，给她倍添生命力，动人动心。

Due to the characteristic of high tension during cold rolling and the transverse flow in cold rolling different from hot rolling, the Shohet criterion, which is universally used in hot rolling, is not applicable to cold rolling.

由于冷轧过程的大张力轧制特点以及金属横向流动性与热轧有很大区别，因此在热轧中广泛应用的Shohet判别式不能很好应用于冷轧。

Article 10 The commodities, which don't reach the prescriptive criterion or grade but still have certain use value and don't exist unseasonable dangers to physical health and the safety of the person or property, must be marked with the words of "shopworn goods","substandard goods" or "defective goods" at the distinctive places of the commodities or their package before sale.

第十条 商品质量达不到规定标准或者等级，但仍有一定使用价值，不存在对人体健康、人身或者财产安全有不合理危险的，必须在该商品或者其包装的显著位置标明"处理品"、"等外品"或者"次品"字样，方得销售。

Starting from the differential equations which describe the gas-solid flow characters in the raceway of blast furnace,and using the similarity transformation technique to derive the similarity criterion,a cold model was set up to simulate the gas and coke movement in the raceway.

从描述回旋区内气固流运动特性的微分方程出发，应用相似转换法导出相似准则，建立模拟回旋区内煤气及焦炭运动的冷态模型。冷态试验采用了大米、小米、绿豆等作为模型的填充料层；应用HG-100K高速摄像机记录了模型内回旋区的大小与颗粒运动轨迹；并详细分析了影响回旋区大小的主要因素

Chapter four studies the chaotic responses in a system consisting of simple pendulum and harmonic oscillator under bounded noise excitation. Firstly, the Melnikov function of the two-degree-of-freedom system under Hamiltonian perturbation is derived. The essential condition of the autonomous system for the probable onset of chaos is obtained, the Poincare maps of the system under small Hamiltonian perturbation and the effect of increasing perturbation on the Poincare maps are studies. Then for the non-autonomous system under damping and harmonic or bounded noise excitation, the largest Lyapunov exponent and Poincare maps are calculated. From the analysis of the largest Lyapunov exponent, the critical criterion for the onset of chaos, and the conclusion that the threshold of bounded noise amplitude for the onset of chaos in the system increases as the intensity parameter of Wiener process increases are obtained. The result from the analysis of Poincare maps is in agreement with that obtained from the Largest Lyapunov exponent. The effect of varying damping coefficient and intensity parameter of Wiener process is also analyzed.

第四章研究了有界噪声激励下的两自由度单摆—谐振子系统的混沌运动，首先推导了该两自由度系统仅在Hamilton扰动下的Melnikov函数，得到该自治系统可能产生混沌的必要条件；研究了该系统在小的Hamilton扰动和增大摄动情形下的Poincare截面；然后对有阻尼、谐和或有界噪声激励下的非自治系统数值计算了其最大Lyapunov指数和Poincare截面；从Lyapunov指数分析得到了这个两自由度系统产生混沌运动的临界条件及产生混沌的临界激励幅值随Wiener过程强度参数值的增大而增大的结论，Poincare截面分析的结果亦符合Lyapunov指数分析的结论；研究了Wiener过程强度参数、阻尼系数变化对Poincare截面的影响。

To fulfill the need of the application of RP technique in medical domain, reverse CAD modeling from medical cross sections is systematically studied in this dissertation. Firstly, Some algorithms related to the research of this dissertation are studied. New algorithms for orientation and inclusion test for simple polygon, an error constrained automatic faring algorithm for B-spline curve and a theorem regarding the termination criterion for subdivision of triangular Bézier patch are proposed. Then based on similarity between contours of adjacent sections, a methodology for surface reconstruction from cross sections is presented. Finally, a virtual measuring method is proposed.

本文针对RP技术在医学领域应用的需要，系统研究了基于医学断层轮廓数据的反求CAD建模理论和方法：(1)在基础算法研究部分，提出了简单多边形方向及点在多边形内外判断的新方法、三角Bézier曲面片离散的误差控制定理和一种带误差约束的B样条曲线的自动光顺方法；(2)提出了一种基于相邻层轮廓相似性的医学断层轮廓数据曲面重构方法；(3)提出了一种称为"虚拟测量"的曲面模型处理方法。

On the basis of similarity criterion, the infiltration process of molten aluminum in the prototype is similar to that of simulant liquid in the model.

根据相似原理，采用模拟试验的方法研究了与铝液相似的模拟液在负压作用下的渗流动力学规律。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。