查询词典 credit

Finally, based on the perspective of credit information flow in B2C e-commerce, this text design a the defensive mechanism of credit risk that centered on transmission mechanism of credit information, assisted by on-line credit service mechanism and guaranteed by credit supervision mechanism, and brings forward the assumption and measures about concordance of e-market's operations and institutions, pricing of on-line credit service, the supervision and amercement.

在此基础上，本文从信用信息在B2C电子商务交易中的流动过程角度考虑，设计出以信用信息传递机制为核心，在线信用服务机制为辅助，信用监管机制为保障的B2C电子商务信用风险防御机制，并提出电子市场业务与机构的整合、在线服务的定价、监管体系的力度、违信惩罚的传递等具体运行措施的建议和设想。

As a Credit expansion mode in securities market,There werea huge risks in Securities Credit Transactions,the core of establish Securities credit trading system is to Control the risk of credit transactions,and exert it's ascendency and active role.by compare and research Mature international credit trading system, this article put forward some relevant recommendations to develop Securities credit transactions on the basis of Learn from international experience and combine with the reality of our country.

证券信用交易作为信用在证券市场上扩张的一种方式也同时存在着巨大的风险，建立证券信用交易制度的核心和目的就是控制信用交易的风险，使其发挥优势和积极的作用。通过对国际上成熟信用交易制度的比较研究，在借鉴国际经验并结合我国实际的基础上，本文初步提出了几点我国开展证券信用交易的相关建议。关键词：证券信用交易证券信用交易制度融资融券

Recognize the different kinds of credit risks with corespondent feature, for which set different product credit risk coefficient respectively; analyze the clients" operating environment, competition, financials and management skills, based on which establish model for calculating client credit safety coefficient; then formulate the value of different products" credit risk--credit risk degree.

基于当今国际银行业盛行的风险资产管理理论的思想，文章指出中国银行业在信用风险的识别、衡量、处理和决策四方面存在着问题，并认为中国银行业应：在区分信用业务与信贷业务的基础上，确立对信用风险的正确认识。

Competent commercial departments in all localities shall actively coordinate with any and all commercial banks, propel these banks to give more credit aid to small and medium circulation enterprises in accordance with the spirits of the Guiding Opinions of the People's Bank of China on Further Strengthening the Credit Aid Given to Well-Performing and Trustworthy Small and Medium Enterprises with Marketable Products (Yin Fa [2002] No.224), improve financial service offered to these enterprises, increase the line of credit and develop new credit service items; shall encourage various credit guaranty agencies to actively carry out guaranty services oriented to small and medium circulation enterprises; shall formulate corresponding policies, encourage and guide funds provided by all quarters of the society into the transformation and development of small and medium circulation enterprises.

各地商务主管部门应积极协调各商业银行，推动其按照《中国人民银行关于进一步加强对有市场、有效益、有信用中小企业信贷支持的指导意见》（银发〔2002〕224号）精神，加大对中小流通企业的信贷支持，完善对中小流通企业的金融服务，扩大授信额度，开发新的信贷服务项目；鼓励各类信用担保机构积极开展中小流通企业的担保业务；要制定相应政策，鼓励、引导社会各方面资金投入中小流通企业的改造和发展。

The effectiveness of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior to our monetary policy mainly express in following aspects: The first, the creation of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior influence the National Central Bank's activity of adjusting the control of foundational monetary directly; The second, the existence of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior inevitably influence the effectiveness of the National Central Bank controls the policy of the market interest rate; The third, the equilibrium credit rationing behavior would influence the monetary multiplicator; The fourth, the existence of the equilibrium credit rationing behavior would result the partition of the credit market.

均衡性信贷配给对我国货币政策的影响主要表现在以下几个方面：第一，均衡信贷配给的产生直接影响中央银行调控基础货币投放的主动性；第二，均衡信贷配给的存在必然影响中央银行控制市场利率政策的效力；第三，均衡性信贷配给影响货币乘数；第四，信贷配给的存在导致信贷市场的分割。

The general evolution of Roman Law credit notion can be divided into three stages:t ransition from personal credit to property credit;coexisting pattern of credit notion and patria potestas notion;extension and development of Roman Law credit notion.

罗马法债权理念发展的一般历程分为三个阶段，即，人身性债权向财产性债权的过渡形成、债权理念与家父权理念的并存格局，以及罗马法债权理念的扩充发展。

They shall make strict examination of the genuine trade background, prevent arbitrage of banks' discount funds with commercial acceptance bills and other activities in violation of any law or rule, they shall improve the qualification examination procedures, make earnest investigations on the credit and debt repayment capacities of the acceptance enterprises and the enterprises applying for discount, and prudentially grant credit to enterprises with poor credit standing and financial conditions, so as to avoid newly added non-performing assets, they shall include the credit granting quota for discount, surety or discount surety of commercial acceptance bills into the comprehensive credit granting quota for management, control the total amount, and make dynamic adjustments at proper times in light of the conditions of the accepting enterprises and the enterprises applying for discount in respect of finance, credit and business operation, etc.

进行严格的真实贸易背景审查，防止利用商业承兑汇票套取银行贴现资金以及进行其他违法违规活动；完善资格审核程序，对承兑企业和贴现申请企业进行切实的资信、偿债能力调查，对资信和财务状况欠佳的企业要谨慎授信，避免新增不良资产；将商业承兑汇票贴现、保证、保贴业务的授信额度纳入综合授信额度管理，实行总量控制，并根据承兑企业和贴现申请企业的财务、信用和经营等状况适时动态调整。

The key points in establishing credit system in current society should be the intensification of credit system on the basis of credit education publicity, the strengthening of market development in the credit service industry,the establishment and mutual usage of credit data, and the incensement of supervision and encouragement on credit.

当前社会信用体系建设的几个着力点应该在诚信宣传教育的基础上，加大信用制度建设的力度；在政府信用建设的基础上，加大信用服务业市场化发展的力度；在信用信息公开的基础上，加大联合征信和数据库建设的力度；在制定信用标准的基础上，加大信用监管和奖惩的力度。

Firstly we discuss the meanings, content and the principals of the evaluation of credit, and exert the credit theory of MAX to the evaluation of credit to get the contents for the evaluation of credit in theory. Then through analyzing the present system of credit evaluation in the civil and overseas countries, and through using the credit evaluating system of overseas risky venture, on the side of the creditor, we device the credit evaluating system into such six aspects as the character of the enterprises, the capacity of paying back, the capacity of payoff , the capacity of operating, the capacity of innovating and the capacity of pullulating. Finally we use the method of AHP and dim mathematics to demonstrate the feasibility of the system that is formed in the fifth part.

本文首先通过对资信评估的内涵、内容及原则进行探讨，并在理论上运用马克思信贷资金循环理论对企业资信评估应考虑的因素进行理论分析，在对国内外资信评估指标体系分析研究的基础上，创造性地联系到国外风险投资机构的评估指标体系对高科技企业资信评估指标体系的借鉴意义，选取债权人的角度，从企业素质、偿债能力、盈利能力、营运能力、创新能力和成长能力六个方面设计了高科技企业资信评估指标体系，并选取层次分析法和模糊数学综合评判法来综合评判高科技企业的资信等级。

Letter of Credit transaction follows two basic principles: absolute nonobjective and strict compliance principles, this two principles is the main reason for causing Letter of Credit cheating; much profits makes many speculators to do Letter of Credit cheating; and because the bank's negotiation documents have not stable forms, the banes can forge them; it increases the possibilities of Letter of Credit cheating to have many middleman as well as large usage of transferable Letter of Credit; it is one of the reasons for Letter of Credit cheating occurred that the foreign traders have lower quality and the cheated persons have lower sense of precaution.

信用证交易遵循两大基本原则：独立抽象性原则和严格相符原则，这两个原则是造成信用证欺诈的主要原因；暴利驱使大量的投机商从事信用证欺诈活动；作为银行付款凭证的单据，目前并无统一固定的格式，均可进行伪造；国际贸易中中间商的大量存在和可转让信用证的大量使用，增加了欺诈的可能性；从事国际贸易的业务人员素质低和被欺诈人防范意识差、知识缺乏也是信用证欺诈屡屡得手的原因之一。

Objective: To study the effect of polycythemia on blood oxygen saturation.

裴蕾目的：观察RBC剧增而引起的高粘血症对血氧饱和度的影响。

Based on SIMPLER algorithm in the curvilinear body-fitted coordinates, the calculations were performed for Pr=0.7, Re=10~1000 on non-orthogonal non-staggered grids which are generated by elliptic equation systems.

采用曲线坐标系下压力与速度耦合的SIMPLER算法，数值研究了周期性渐扩渐缩波纹通道内脉动流动与换热情况，流动Re数的范围为10~1000，Pr数为0.7。