查询词典 cost price

Then, interruptible load is introduced into transmission congestion management in the paper. The paper discusses the application of interruptible load to transmission congestion management in power pool market. Market risk of evade is very important in transmission congestion management. The FGR, FTR, TO are introduced into transmission congestion management, its concept and implement in bilateral market are discussed in the paper. It provides the valid means of evadable price risk for the market participant. The reasonable allocation of congestion cost is very important in transmission congestion management. The paper proposed a novel methodology for allocation of congestion cost based on the line flow analysis.

然后，将可中断负荷引入到输电阻塞管理中，对其在电力联营体交易市场模式下输电阻塞管理中的应用进行了全面阐述；市场风险的规避是输电阻塞管理中需要考虑的重要内容，本文将基于潮流的输电权、金融型输电权及输电期权引入到输电阻塞管理中，阐述了其基本概念以及在双边交易市场模式下的具体实施，为市场参与者提供了规避价格风险的有效手段；阻塞费用的合理分摊是输电阻塞管理中的重要内容，本文提出了一种基于阻塞线路潮流组成分析的阻塞费用分摊新方法。

Below this kind of circumstance, rely on cost completely / price competition is fluky, more well-advised practice is the strategic mode that chooses low cost to add poor dissimilation.

在这种情况下，完全依靠于成本/价格竞争是不可靠的，更加明智的做法是选择低成本加差异化的战略模式。

This paper analyses the relationship between profit and production cost,indirected fixed cost and its product price of an enterprise.

首先研究了企业利润与其产品的成本、间接固定成本及价格的关系。

Moreover, we examine how the agency cost between managers and liquid shareholders is affected by nonliquid shares and stateowned shares, which we believed to exist only in Chinese Market. Through the same method of event study, we find a symmetric effect regardless of the proportion of nonliquid shares, and this shows that the proportion of nonliquid shares is not a factor of conflicts between managers and liquid shareholders. As for the sub-sample with stateowned shares, there is a larger positive price impact for firms with high proportion of stateowned shares, which tells us that the stateowned shares do raise the problem of "absence of the owner", and it is a part of agency cost in China.

我们进一步检验了国内特殊存在的非流通股以及国有股对于管理层与流通股东之间代理成本的影响，通过同样的事件研究方法对上述样本进行市场宣告反应检验，结果发现非流通股比例不同的公司其市场反应并无显著差异，说明非流通股的存在对管理层与流通股东之间的代理问题没有影响；而国有股比例不同的公司其市场宣告反应存在显著差异，这说明国有股产生的&所有者缺位&问题成为国内代理成本的一部分，并确实影响了现金股利的发放。

The invention uses low cost grease which are mainly waste resources such as the unedible Jatropha curcas seed oil, the waster oil in the restaurant industry and the acid value oil, etc. as raw materials, thereby enlarging the material sources; because the Rhizopus chinensis CCTCC M201021 full cell lipase which is extremely low in cost is used as the catalyst, the problem of high price catalyst is effectively resolved; the toxic action of the alcohol on the biological catalyst is resolved by the batching fed-batch the short chain alcohol, thereby improving the conversion rate of the short chain alcohol.

本发明以廉价油脂为原料，主要是非可食用性的麻疯籽油以及餐饮业废油、酸价油等废物资源，扩大了原料的来源；采用价格极其低廉的华根霉全细胞脂肪酶作为催化剂，有效地解决了催化剂价格高昂的问题；分批流加短链醇以解决醇对生物催化剂的毒害作用，提高短链醇转化率。

By analyzing the general characteristics of information goods such as high fixed cost, low marginal cost, this paper roundly discusses the formation reasons of the pricing discrimination in the market of the information goods, which has grown unhealthily in traditional failure price formation mechanism.

1引言 随着信息网络技术的快速发展，信息技术革命席卷全球各国的经济，各种不同类型和日趋多样化的信息商品竞相投向市场。信息商品具有高固定成本、低边际成本等特征，与工业时代商品的成本、价格特征有很大的不同…。

The design of the calculation example imitates the gradually unloosening process of price competition in Chinese electricity markets; the power network security, LMP, operation cost of power system and congestion cost of power system are analyzed and compared; and the effect of applying the LMP based congestion management theory to North China power grid is researched.

算例的设计模仿了中国电力市场改革逐步放开价格竞争的过程，对不同模式下的电网安全、节点电价、系统运行费用、系统阻塞费用进行了分析比较，研究了基于节点电价的阻塞管理理论在华北电网的应用效果。

When 99% of the doctors are taking kickbacks, and 100% of the director of pharmaceutical section are spending on company visa cards and asking for PR subsidies, 100% director of hospitals are receiving mint kickbacks of medical appliance, and 100% SFDA officials were found to be involved in briberies, medicine companies have to follow the ' Unwritten Rules' to get their "jobs" done. If without giving bribes, the companies could not operate normally, the kickback cost of the "Money Rules" has to be added to the price of the medicines. Consequently for those ordinary people who can't afford the cost, suicide becomes a "normal phenomena".

当99%的医生都在拿药品回扣，100%的医院药剂科主任都在吃卡拿卡要公关费，当100%的医院院长都拿了巨额的医疗器械回扣，当国家卫生主管部门100%的保护下属医疗机构&违反医德国法&行径的时候，当国家药品监督管理局的被发现的官员100%的贪污受贿的时候，当医药公司药厂必须按照&潜规则&才能把放在台面上的&工作&完成时，当不行贿，合法的商业行为就无法进行的时候，这&钱规则&巨大的行贿成本只有加到药品价格中去，而老百姓看不起病自杀也是可以理解的&正常现象&了。

Firstly, this paper analyzes the construction contract. Through construing the relationship between the contract prices the construction cost and the price of construction, this paper define the concept of construction cost.

首先对施工合同的有关概念进行了阐述和分析，并对合同价款、工程造价和工程价款等概念之间的关系进行了界定，明确了工程价款这一基本概念的内涵和外延。

Firstly, this paper analyzes the construction contract. Through construing the relationship between the contract prices the construction cost and the price of construction, this paper define the concept of construction cost.

针对目前全国范围内工程款拖欠越演越烈的局面，站在弱势群体建筑企业的角度，第一次全方位提出了解决工程价款纠纷问题的具体策略和解决办法。

Life. But the intrinsic way of the Internet by wire confines accessing and using of the network information.

然而，Internet固有的有线连接方式大大限制了人们对网络信息的访问和使用。

I have a strong persuasion that this is true .

我坚信这是正确的。