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Four-node degenerated shell element and rigid shell element are used in our FEM model.Updated Lagrange formulation and rate form constitutive equation are adopted to solve the problem of large strain and large rotation in sheet forming process.Sheet metal material property is described by plastic anisotropy yielding model and isotropic hardening model.Master surface-slave surface contact model is used to define the contact between tools and blank.Contact constraints are enforced with a kinematic algorithm and friction stress is computed by Coulomb friction law.Dynamic relaxation method is used to treat springback after forming stroke.

四结点蜕化壳单元和刚体壳单元分别用来建立板和模具的有限元模型；更新Lagrange法和速率型本构关系被用来处理板料变形中的大应变和大转动；材料模型采用塑性各向异性屈服与等向强化模型；通过主从面模型定义板料和模具的接触，接触算法采用运动约束法，摩擦力用库仓定律计算；并利用动力松弛法对回弹过程进行了计算。

In chapter six, A finite element model to evaluate the mechanics properties of thin wall structure is put forwards. The 4-node quadrilateral Hughes-Liu shell element with five through-the-thickness integration points is employed. The material is assumed to satisfy the elastic-plastic yield condition with isotropic hardening. The single surface contact algorithm is taken to deal with the contact searching. The priori stabilization procedures for the numerical control of the hourglass instability and the penalty method for the evaluation of contact force are used. The classical Coulomb law of friction is employed to evaluate the friction force.

第六章采用法向方向5点积分的4节点Hughes-Liu壳单元，前置参数法砂漏控制技术，等向强化弹塑性材料模型，分步增量应力回映方法，一体化接触搜寻算法，罚参数接触力计算方法及经典摩擦定律，建立了一种计算受冲薄壁结构大变形力学特性计算的有限元模型，通过对汽车A传动轴及汽车纵向方形吸能梁的大变形力学特性分析，验证了该有限元模型的正确性。

High temperature of contact and junction point causes an accident due to poor contact of knife switch s contact and connector of high voltage switch cabinet and impact of load.

高压开关柜刀闸触头、出线电缆接头往往因接触不良、负荷冲击等因素引起触点和接点温度过高，造成事故发生。

This paper researches the part third-order contact condition of tool and the surfaces by the contact principle of deferential geometry in to the 5-axis NC machining and analyzes the contact degree of the intersection line of the cutter and the surfaces.

运用微分几何中的切触原理，研究了在多轴数控机床中铣刀铣削圆与零件曲面的切触条件和局部坐标系下的局部三阶切触条件，并用截形对铣刀铣削圆与曲面的贴近程度进行了分析。

The apparatus includes a positive contact (50) positioned so as to engage the positive terminal (42) of the battery, a negative contact (52) positioned so as to engage the negative terminal (44) of the battery, a third contact (54) positioned so as to engage the third terminal (46) and a logic circuit (72) connected to the positive, negative and third terminals.

所述装置包括：一个设置用于与电池的正端（42）连接的正触点（50）；一个设置用于与电池的负端（44）连接的负触点（52）；一个设置用于与电池的第三端（46）连接的第三触点（54）；和一个与正触点、负触点和第三触点连接的逻辑电路（72）。

When it is used to solve contact problems,multiplepairs of contact points can be updated in each iteration,other thansome methods such as Thail-Van de Panne method and Goldfarb-Idnani method,which update only one pair of contact points at eachiteration.

用拟有效集方法解接触问题，每次迭代可以更换一组接触点对而不是某些方法只能更换一个接触点对，因此大大提高了解接触问题的效率。

Based on the equations, the contact spots on the face gear are simulated and analyses are conducted on the rule of the principal curvature of the contact points on the pinion and the face gear as well as the rule of the maximum press stress of the contact areas on the face gear.

根据布希涅斯克问题的求解方法，给出了传动中面齿轮上接触区域的椭圆长、短半径、中心最大变形量、最大压应力以及载荷分布的方程，分析了接触中心最大压应力的变化规律，实现了接触斑点的可视化仿真。

The analysis of the contact problem in FEM includes two aspects: the checking of contact points and the treatment of contact points with mechanics and kinematics.

有限元分析中的接触问题包括两方面：接触点的检测和已接触点的力学与运动学处理。

MSP430F169 microcontroller was the core components of control and measurement function of an electromagnetic relay characteristic parameter tester. The tester also included DC power module, power amplifier module, constant current source module, keys, and digital tube display module. The tester could test the data of 943-1C-12DS electromagnetic relays including the minimum pull-in voltage, maximum release voltage, relay coil voltage rating when the pull-contact time, release time as well as the contact value of the contact resistance. The system could complete automatic measurement parameters to achieve all the basic requirements of design. And all of the test data was displayed through the 74HC573 digital tube.

摘 要：以MSP430F169单片机作为控制和测量的核心部件，辅以直流稳压电源模块、功率放大电路模块、恒流源模块、按键和数码管显示模块等组成一个电磁式继电器特性参数测试仪，完成对943-1C-12DS电磁式继电器最小吸合电压、最大释放电压、继电器线圈电压为额定值时的触点吸合时间、释放时间以及触点接触电阻值的测试，该系统能够实现成套参数自动测量，所有测试数据通过74HC573数码管进行显示。

In this dissertation, some research on the contact reliability of relay has been made on the basis of a new measuring method for contact resistance that is the pulse current method. The thermal propagation has been analyzed so as to analyze the thermal effect of pulse current flowing over contact.

本文在提出一种新的测量接触电阻方法——脉冲电流法（脉冲宽度为300μS）的基础上，针对继电器接触可靠性进行了研究，并对触点热过程进行了分析，以便分析脉冲电流对触点产生的热效应。

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人