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With morphology characteristics of erosion concave of Ag and Pd contact materials in nitrogen and air being compared, influence on erosion, welding and breakdown voltage of contact for nitrogen and SF_6 being analyzed, influence on contact for the formic acid, toluene, carbinol and distilled water being analyzed, it was showed that the influence on performance parameters of relay contact for various atmospheres is very com...

通过比较触头材料Ag和Pd分别在氮气和空气中侵蚀凹坑的形状特征，分析了氮气和SF6等气氛对触头侵蚀、熔焊、耐压的影响，及甲酸、甲苯、甲醇、蒸馏水等对触头的影响，表明各种气氛对继电器触头性能参数的影响十分复杂，该影响涉及对电弧运动规律的影响和与材料的化学反应。

The results show as follows: Due to unfitting between the wheel tread and profile of Frog No. 9, two-point contact occurs between the wheelset and frog and the contact patches become narrow and long; the Von Mises stress and contact force in the area of the contact patch between the tread close to the flange and the frog are so great that they go far beyond the yielding limit and enter the plastic deformation stage; this will lead to serious wearing of wheelset treads and frogs.

结果表明，由于车轮踏面与9号辙叉的型面不配合，轮对与辙叉形成两点接触，且接触斑狭长，靠近轮缘处踏面和辙叉接触斑的应力及接触力非常大，其数值远远超过材料的屈服极限，进入塑性变形阶段，这将导致车轮踏面与辙叉的磨耗严重。

The essay discusses the calculation and selection of body-form co-efficient for double contact lines suspension in urban mass transit, analyzes the affection from wind displacement of contact line, calculation of span , curvature of mast and calculating load and recommends that the shield between contact lines shall be considered for wind load of multi-contact lines.

对城市轨道交通双导线接触网悬挂风载体型系数进行了计算选用方面的探讨，并对接触线风偏移、计算跨距、支柱挠度和计算荷载的影响进行了分析，建议多导线的风载情况应考虑导线间的屏蔽作用。

Firstly, electrization knowledge related to the research is introduced. After a deep study on various contact loss detection techniques, especially on the electric arcs detection techniques, we draw the conclusion that the untouched detection technique based on phototube sensor can acquire exact contact loss information, and will to be the leading technique for contact loss measurement in future. Secondly, combining with the special railways system in our country, we analyze the cause of the arcs, and the influence on the power supply system and the on board traction drive due to the arcs in detail, and study the arcs' spectrum characteristic. We also analyze detecting principles and put forward with a method - using phototube sensor to detect the contact loss arcs, conceive the configurations and detection flows of the measurement.

文章通过对电气化铁道相关知识的了解及对国内外离线检测技术的深入了解，尤其是对离线电弧检测技术的了解，总结出了基于光电传感器的非接触离线电弧检测系统能够得到准确的弓网离线情况，并且是国内外检测技术的发展方向；文章详细的分析了离线电弧产生的原因，电弧对机车牵引动力的影响情况，研究了我国铁路系统中离线电弧的光谱特征分布；分析了系统的检测原理，提出了采用光电传感器实现对离线电弧进行检测的方法，并设计了"电力机车弓网离线电弧检测装置"的检测功能和管理功能，规划了系统的组成结构及检测流程。

The shapes of the melting solid surface may be concave, convex or plane, while the perimeter of plane contact regions may be rectangular, circular, elliptical, parabolic and arc curve. The types of relative motion reviewed here are the movement of a solid PCM melting inside a heated capsule, the movement of a hot body through a melting solid medium, slide contact and rolling contact. The contact melting may be caused by temperature difference, pressure difference, friction and viscous heating. Finally, the research regions in the future are summarized.

内容包括各种形式的接触熔化，可归纳为：在接触形状上可以有凹、凸与平的面，而接触的周长可以是矩形、圆形、椭圆形、抛物线形与弧形曲线；相对运动的类型有固体相变材料在加热容器内熔化，加热体通过熔化固体介质的运动，滑动接触与滚、转动接触；引起接触熔化的原因有温差、压力差、摩擦与粘性热。

In Chapter two, it is given of the three-dimensional boundary element and the boundary element space, Sobolev space for the contact boundary element problem with friction; it is proved of existence and uniqueness of the solution by variation inequality for the contact Boundary Element Method matrix equation under two kinds of condition that the contact zone is fixed and the contact zone is increasing along with the load; it is given of the expressionfor the error of the exact solution and the boundary element solution.

第2章，给出三维边界单元及边界元空间、有摩擦接触边界元问题的Sobolev空间，利用变分不等式证明了不变接触区和随载荷可变接触区两种情况下的接触边界元法矩阵方程解的存在唯一性，给出了准确解与边界元解的误差表达式，还证明了三维弹塑性摩擦接触问题凝缩矩阵解的存在唯一性，为三维弹塑性摩擦接触边界元法奠定数学基础。

The undercutting analysis probe the position of undercutting line and the spherical angle of spherical gears. Teeth contact analysis probe the kinematic error and the position of contact point of spherical gears with misalignment and ideal case. Another contact pattern analysis probe the positions and size of contact pattern ofspherical gears.

齿面过切分析主要探讨球形齿轮之齿面过切位置及过切发生的球形角，接触分析则讨论球形齿轮分别在具有装配误差及理想状况时之运动误差及接触点位置，另外，齿印分析探讨球形齿轮在受力变形后其接触椭圆之位置及大小。

Especially when dorsiflexion 20 degree goes to dorsiflexion 30 degree ,the contact stress arises 38%; when dorsiflexion 30 degree goes to dorsiflexion 40 degree ,it makes the contact stress arises 32%; when plantar flexion 20 degree goes to plantar flexion 30 degree ,it makes the contact stress arises 62%; when plantar flexion 30 degree goes to plantar flexion 40 degree ,the contact stress arises 23%.

由背屈20度变换成背屈30度时，其接触压力上升38%，由背屈30度变换成背屈40度时，其接触压力上升了32 %；掌屈20度变换成掌屈30度时，其接触压力上升了62%，由掌屈30度变换成掌屈40度时，其接触压力上升了23 %，与文献所载之趋势亦有相似之处。

After reviewing some research results of the human hand haptics, a measuring apparatus was constructed to measure the human fingers' contact force and contact areas. Then experiments were performed on in-vivo fingertips. From the experimental data, a contact force model was deduced to describe the real contact force properties of human fingertips.

通过分析虚拟环境中几种重要的接触力生成算法，结合人手的感知特性，构建了人手指接触力测量平台，研究了手指接触力和接触面积之间的关系，提炼出以接触面积为变量的指尖接触力的力学模型。

The contact area and contact pressure in anteromedial and posteromedial quadrant tended to decrease, while, the contact area and contact pressure in anterolateral and posterolateral quadrant tended to increase.

结果］通过模拟试验发现，腓骨短缩时，胫距关节总接触面积呈减小趋势，外、后外象限的接触面积、接触压呈增大趋势，而前内，后内象限的接触面积、接触压均减小。

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人