查询词典 conditional density

This study examines the effects of allocative distortions on returns to density and input demand in domestic airlines during 1989-1997 by using a non-minimum cost function from the cost efficiency point of view. We generalize a globally concave and flexible cost function by using the symmetric generalized McFadden cost function to accommodate allocative distortions for domestic airlines, and estimating the density economies with and without allocative distortions as well as its effect on cost efficiency.

故本研究透过成本效率的观点，使用符合全面凹性更具弹性之对称性一般化影子成本函数来检视国内各航空公司民国78-86年期间之分配扭曲对密度报酬、投入要素需求量（劳动、燃油、固定要素及其他）及成本的影响，以了解各航空公司无效率之所在。

The accuracy and efficiency of finite element numerical analysis have close relationship with the mesh quality and density distribution. In order to ensure the hexahedral mesh transition gradually and conformably, a set of 8-refinement based density control templates is proposed newly. The corresponding date structure and template application techniques are also given.

有限元数值分析的精度和效率与网格单元的划分质量以及疏密程度密切相关，针对三维六面体网格单元之间疏密过渡必须平缓和协调的要求，提出了一套基于8分法的六面体网格加密模板，并给出了相应的数据结构和模板应用方式。

The major findings include:(1) By using fuel as the base indicator of relative efficiency, we found the following input factors' distribution inefficiency for domestic airlines: The distribution inefficiency of labor and capital input factors differs from airline to airline, and is becoming more severe with time; the distribution inefficiency of other factors does not differ very much among airlines but varies with time. It is inefficient from 1989 to 1995 but becomes more efficient during 1996 to 1997;(2) Airline companies have higher economies of density before 1996, but tend to show a constant return to density in 1997 when considering allocative distortions. The technical efficiency of input factors as a whole has declined after the open-air policy;(3) The costs of airlines are increasing significantly due to their distribution inefficiencies;(4) The instrument variable generated through a quasi price function does not have significant influence on cost; this may imply that airline companies in this time period did not exhibit the phenomena of high-quality high-price.

其主要结论如下：(1)藉由相对燃油分配效率探讨各投入要素之分配扭曲情形发现：劳动和因定投入要素之分配无效率因公司别而有所不同，且随时间而严重，唯民国86年稍有改善；其他要素之分配无效率则较不因公司别而有所不同，但亦随时间发生变化，初期为无效率，在民国85、86年则较具效率；(2)若考虑分配扭曲情形下，国内航空业在民国85年之前具有较高之密度经济，民国86年则趋向固定密度报酬；此整体投入要素之技术效率而官，在天空开放政策后其技术效率随时间变化而下降，但就燃油投入要素平均技术进步率而言，则其技术效率逐年增加且幅度明显；(3)航空公司因分配无效率所造成成本增加的情形相当明显；(4)准价格工具变数对成本之影响并不明显，此可能反映在此期间国内航空公司似乎并未趋向於高品质高价格之现象。

Normal distribution in statistics is based on the probability density function in the form of representation, and set up a continuous random variable X, the probability density function f has the form of Figure 1, where a, b are constants and were known as the average value and standard deviation,π, e, respectively pi and natural constants, claimed that X subject to parameters a, b of the normal distribution.

正态分布在统计学中是以概率密度函数的形式表述的，设连续型随机变量X的概率密度函数f有图1中的形式，其中a、b为常数，分别被称为平均值和标准差，π、e 分别为圆周率和自然常数，则称X服从参数为a，b的正态分布。

On this foundation, the followingfew problems are resolved. Firstly, we have a kinematic density formula for pairs of needles by using thekinematic density formula for pairs of oriented lines. The geometric probability thatthe random pairs of needles intersect at a point in convex body K is considered.

在此基础上，重点解决了以下几个问题：首先利用R~2上有向直线偶的运动不变密度公式，得到了针偶的运动不变密度公式，考虑了针偶与凸体K相交且针偶的交点属于K的这样一个几何概率问题。

School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,Liaoning 116024,ChinaStable processes can better model the impulsive random signals and noises in physical observation.This paper briefly describes its spectral representation,proposes a new different spectral density from power spectrum density of second order processes,thus can get a new concept of stable white noise based on covariation spectrum,and a method of identification of nonlinear PAR system based on least p-norm.

描述了稳定分布的谱表示，提出了共变谱密度的概念，得到一种基于自共变序列与共变谱的稳定分布白噪声与有色噪声的概念及其判断标准，对传统意义上的白噪声进行了广义化，依据多项式自回归系统模型，对基于稳定白噪声输入的系统输出非线性稳定有色噪声建立其非线性PAR模型，提出基于最小P范数的EIRLP算法对非线性PAR系统进行辨识。

The results showed that the volume density of mitochondriumand mitochondrial intermembrane crack increased according to ischemic time extension;The volume density ofmitochondrial crista decreased according to ischemic time extension;prominent defference occured after 45 min-utes of ischemia,The practice demonstrates that image analysis instrument has marked pre...

结果显示：线粒体和线粒体外室的体密度随缺血时间延长而加大，线粒体嵴的体密度随缺血时间的延长而减少，缺血45min以后即和正常对照有显著性差别。实践证明，图像分析仪在定量超微结构的变化上，具有高度的精确性，故可早期发现病变。

Nevertheless, this method generally have the following defects, with poor accuracy in calculating (1) bubble point density;(2) high density liquid region; and (3) critical region etc.

这种方法虽然简单，但有着难以克服的缺陷，不能解决：（1）泡点密度的计算问题（2）高密度液相区的计算（3）临界区的计算等。

In the first session the fans vibration on-line monitoring system is realized with VC language, also compile auto power spectrum density function, cross power spectrum density function, autocorrelation function and cross correlation function etc spectral analysis function to carry through simple offline fault diagnosis.

首先用稳定性强、扩展性好的VC++语言开发了通风机振动在线监测系统，并编写了自功率谱密度函数、互功率谱密度函数、自相关函数和互相关函数等频谱分析函数来进行简单的离线故障诊断。

A method of cross power spectral density between responses is derived and a poly reference modal analysis method using cross power spectral density method in frequency domain is presented in this paper.

对各测点响应的互功率谱密度函数进行了详细推导，提出了一种基于互功率谱密度的频域多参点辨识法，这意味着许多原本利用频响函数的传统频域识别法可以很容易地用于工作状态下的模态识别，大大开阔了未知激励下模态识别的视野。

"The operators will suffer a temporary decrease in the number of consumers and short message services as people may not like having to provide their ID cards for a phone number," Xu Junqi, vice-dean with the Policy-Making Institute of the Telecommunications Research Centre under MII, said yesterday.

信息产业部下属的通信决策研究院副主任徐俊其昨天说：&实行手机实名制后，人们可能不太情愿用身份证注册手机号，所以通信运营商会暂时面临用户减少和短信用户减少的问题。&

I don't believe in make-believe!

我不相信这些虚构的故事。