查询词典 combinatorial geometry

On the base of these, and the ideas of mathematical curriculum reform and the course of the reform of solid geometry, combining with educational reality and students" psychology, put forward some thoughts about solid geometry of middle school in future:(1) The arrangement of curriculum content should. give consideration to both the logical sequence of knowledge and the development of students" psychology, and make them united;(2) Paying great attention to the analogy of plane geometry and solid geometry;(3) Some respects remained to be strengthened about solid geometry in senior middle school;(4) Emphasizing the importance of conversion in solid geometry;(5) Stressing on the combination of solid geometry and algebra and other subjects;(6) The design of the content of solid geometry should have certain elasticity, and make solid geometry and modern education technology well combined.

在此基础上，又植根于近年来我国数学课程改革的理念和立体几何课程改革的进展，并结合我国的教育实际与学生心理，对未来中学立体几何课程的设胃提出若干思考：(1)课程内容的编排，要兼顾知识的逻辑顺序和学尘的心理发展相统一；(2)重视平面几何和立体几何的类比；(3)高中阶段立体几何有待加强的几个方面；(4)强调变换在立体几何中的重要性；(5)注意将立体几何和代数及其他学科相结合；(6)立体几何内容的设计要有一定的弹性，并注意与现代教育技术相结合。

As we all known, with the founding of Euclidean geometry in ancient Greece, with the development of analytic geometry and other kinds of geometries, with F.Kline" s Erlanger program in 1872 and the new developments of geometry in 20th century such as topology and so on, man has developed their understand of geometry. On the other hand, Euclid formed geometry as a deductive system by using axiomatic theory for the first time. The content and method of geometry have dramatically changed, but the geometry curriculum has not changed correspondingly until the first strike from Kline and Perry" s appealing.

纵观几何学发展的历史，可以称得上波澜壮阔：一方面，从古希腊时代的欧氏综合几何，到近代解析几何等多种几何的发展，以及用变换的方法处理几何的埃尔朗根纲领，到20世纪拓扑学、高维空间理论等几何学的新发展，这一切都在不断丰富人们对几何学的认识；另一方面，从欧几里得第一次使用公理化方法把几何学组织成一个逻辑演绎体系，到罗巴切夫斯基非欧几何的发现，以及希尔伯特形式公理体系的建立，极大地发展了公理化思想方法，不管是几何学的内容还是方法都发生了质的飞跃。

During the course of the well-known "new mathematics" campaign, the status of Euclidean geometry was completely overthrown in I960" s. After deeply thought of "new mathematics", the standpoint that geometry curriculum should reflect the content and method of modern geometry and be in touch with the student" s real life was agreed on. Other countries have tried some significant attempts. We can find from some geometry textbooks that the methods of transform and vector have appeared as a normal part. Simultaneous, not only the new developments of geometry such as Topology have been referred , but also the connection between geometry and practice has been strengthened.In China, geometry curriculum is also in the during of innovation.

而学校几何课程在二千年的时间里一直没有多大的变化，直到二十世纪初"克莱因—培利运动"的第一次冲击，到60年代"新数学"运动的全盘改革，以及之后的深入反思，中学几何课程要反映现代几何学的内容和方法以及紧密联系于实践的观点已经受到普遍的重视，国外的几何课程已经在这方面做了不少有意义的尝试，从国外的一些几何教材中可以发现：变换、向量等工具已经作为正式的内容进入几何教学，拓扑学等几何的新发展也开始在教材中有所体现；几何课程与实践之间的联系更是在很大程度上得以加强。

By the combinatorial proof or combinatorial interpretation, the identity is equipped with certain count meaning. The most general way in the combinatorial proof is to count two sides of the identity by two different methods. Generaly, through building a bijection from one set to another one, the number of the two sets respectively represents the two sides of the identity.

恒等式的组合证明或组合解释赋予了恒等式一定的计数意义，组合证明最常用的方法是分别用两种不同的方法对恒等式的两端进行计数，一般通过构造两个集合之间的双射，这两个集合的个数分别表示恒等式的两端，从而根据双射的一一对应性证明恒等式。

Moreover, by the combinatorial proof or combinatorial interpretation, the identity is equipped with certain count meaning. The most general way in the combinatorial proofs is to count two sides of the identity by two different methods. Generaly, through building a bijection from one set to another one, the number of the two sets respectively represents the two sides of the identity. Because of the 1-1 property of bijection, the identity is proved.

此外，恒等式的组合证明或组合解释赋予了恒等式一定的计数意义，组合证明最常用的方法是分别用两种不同的方法对恒等式的两端进行计数，一般通过构造两个集合之间的双射，这两个集合的个数分别表示恒等式的两端，从而根据双射的一一对应性证明恒等式。

In the thesis some vital identities with binomial coefficient are given with their combinatorial proof, and the q-analogues of some identities are offered with corresponding combinatorial proofs on the subspace-lattice. Especially, one remarkable result is that a new q-analogue of the cube-sums identity is obtained with its combinatorial proof over the vector space.

本文给出了一些重要的二项式系数恒等式的组合证明或组合解释，并从向量空间角度给出了一些恒等式的q-模拟及组合证明，其中突出的成果是给出了立方和恒等式的一个新的q-模拟及组合证明。

In the thesis , we give combinatorial proof of some q-identities using integer partition.In the thesis some vital identities with binomial coefficient are given with their combinatorial proof, and the q-analogues of some identities are offered with corresponding combinatorial proof using integer partition.

本文给出了一些重要的二项式系数恒等式的组合证明或组合解释，并从分拆的角度给出了一些q-恒等式的组合证明，其中突出的成果是给出了平方和恒等式的一个直接的组合证明并给出了偶数平方和与奇数平方和的q-模拟及组合证明。

If the power series ∑anxn an ∑anxn and ∑bnxn satisfy the condition r =∑bn xn, we obtain the twin combinatorial identity theorem between the sequences {an} and bn}.We also obtain some specific twin combinatorial identities by using the expansion on the binomial expression formula, including two expansions of combinatorial number(rsn and ...

如果幂级数∑anxn与∑bnxn满足条件r＝∑bnxn 时，获得数列｛an｝与｛bn｝之间孪生组合恒等式的定理，应用在二项式定理等展开式上得出具体的多组孪生组合恒等式，其中包含组合数的两种展开法，Bernoulli数直接表达式的新证等结果。

The chapter 3 investigates the constructive method which means that many combinatorial numbers, such as Stirling number, Bell number, harmonic number, Fibonacci number and the number of derangement, are represented to moments of some random variables. This method is used in the computation of combinatorial sums, discovery and proof of combinatorial identities.

第三章研究了构造性概率方法，即一些常见组合变量(以后统称组合数为组合变量)的概率表示，诸如Stirling数、Bell数、调和数、Fibonacci数、错排数都可以表示为一些随机变量的矩，这些概率表示可以用来研究组合和式的计算与恒等式的证明。

Combinatorial computational geometry, which deals with collections of discrete objects or defined in discrete terms: points, lines, polygons, polytopes, etc., and algorithms of discrete/combinatorial character are used

组合计算几何。处理一系列离散的或用离散术语来定义的对象：点，线，多边形，多面体等等，并使用离散/组合特性的算法。

The role of the environment is very important.

的作用，环境是非常重要的。

At that time, the High Court of England and Wales Court of Queen's Bench president of William Murray, Lord Mansfield in June 22, 1772 ruling:"No matter then there is the inconvenience, but there must be a decision, I can not say that this case under the law in England are permitted or authorized; are so black should be released."

当时的英格兰及威尔士高等法院王座法庭院长William Murray， Lord Mansfield于1772年6月22日宣判：「无论有那麽不便，但总要有个决定，我不能说这件案在英格兰法律之下是准许或认可；所以黑人是应该被释放。