查询词典 charging material

The influence of charging parameters (such as charging voltage, charging time and charging temperature, etc.) on piezoelectricity and its thermal stability of cellular polypropylene film electrets was studied by means of contact charging and constant voltage corona charging methods and the thermal stimulated discharge technique.

通过接触法充电、恒压电晕充电，以及开路热刺激放电技术，对充电参数(例如充电电压，充电时间和充电温度等)对聚丙烯蜂窝膜驻极体的压电性及其热稳定性的影响的研究，并从孔洞型薄膜压电体的材料结构和理论模型出发，讨论了这些参数对其影响的原因，分析了与压电活性密切相关的空间电荷的动态特性。

6 Batteries, as described in 4.25.10, and battery chargers.(1) Battery connectors must be constructed of material with a V-0 flame rating or have a glow wire ignition rating of 750°C.(2) The battery charging system shall not present a risk of fire due to a short-circuit condition applied to any point in the length of a charger/battery interconnecting cable when tested inaccordance with 8.19.7.(3) During charging, battery-charging voltages shall not exceed the recommended charging voltages when tested in accordance with 8.19.6.(4) Battery chargers must be certified to the appropriate current national standard, for example UL, CSA, or equivalent standards body. 8.19.6 Battery Overcharge Test—Each battery shall be charged with its intended charger continuously for 336 h. The test shall not result in the release of electrolyte, or cause explosion or fire. 8.19.6.1 If the battery can be charged in the vehicle, place the battery in the vehicle and connect it to the charging circuit. Drape the charger, cable, and battery with a double layer of cheesecloth. The test shall not result in ignition of the cheesecloth or in the release of electrolyte.

4.25.10.6 电池(如4.25.10中的描述)和充电器(1)电池的连接器必须是使用UL94V0防火等级的材料做成的，或使用燃点为750度的发热线(2)按照8.19.7测试时，当在充电器和电池间的导线上的任意一点发生短路时，电池充电系统不允许出现着火的危险(3)充电时，按照8.19.6的测试方法，充电电压不允许超过推荐的充电电压(4)电池充电器必须通过相应的现行国家标准的认证，比如UL，CSA或等同的标准机构 8.19.6电池过充测试---每个电池都需要采用其默认的充电器连续充电336小时，测试不允许导致电极的泄露，导致爆炸或火灾 8.19.6.1若电池可以在交通工具上使用时，将电池放到交通工具上，并将之与充电电路连接起来，用双层粗棉布将充电器，连接线和电池遮挡起来。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

The results showed that: the charging method had significant influence on deep cycling VRLA batteries;the constant-voltage charging method tended to long-term undercharge the batteries;the failure cause of constant-current charging batteries was that the active material would be soften and shed; the VRLA battery's serveice life would be improved by using pulse-charging method.

结果表明：1、充电制度对深循环VRLA电池的寿命有着重要的影响；2、恒压充电方法容易导致电池长期充电不足，从而发生硫酸盐化；3、恒流充电的电池失效原因是正极板铅膏发生软化、脱落；4、脉冲充电的方法可使深循环VRLA电池寿命提高。

The detailed procedures of the method are as follows: the charging material of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is put into the crucible of an induction skull melter, heated and melted under the environment of high-purity argon and 400-700Pa pressure; pre-coated bars with the TiH2 of the weight accounting for 0.09 to 0.2 percent of the charging material are added in; when the hydrogen-contained titanium alloy in the crucible cools and the temperature drops below 300 DEG C, the charging material is vented off and cooled until the temperature equal to room temperature.

它的具体方法为：将Ti-6Al-4V合金的炉料装入感应凝壳熔炼炉的坩埚中，在压力为400～700Pa的高纯氩气环境中进行加热熔化；然后熔入含炉料质量0.09％～0.2％的TiH2的预制棒；当坩埚中含氢的钛合金逐渐冷却凝固并降温至300℃以下后，破真空，进一步冷却至室温。

The inventive content charging method and the charging system thereof have the advantages of independence, flexibility, extensibility, openness and distributivity; realize the charging based on the content of data service, and meet the requirement for various charging modes in the data service.

本发明的这种内容计费方法及其计费系统，具有独立性、灵活性、可扩展性、开放性和分布性的特点，实现了根据数据业务内容进行计费，满足了数据业务中灵活多样的计费要求。

The result proved that in the case of charging time shortened significantly, the consistency of batteries' SOC has been strengthened. In addition, comparing with the traditional two-stage constant current charging method, the result shows that the method of the depolarized pulse charging and the parallel charging combination has a practical meaning to promote the electric vehicles' batteries.

结果证明在充电时间明显缩短的情况下，而且加强了电池组各电池SOC的一致性，同时进行了传统的两阶段恒流充电法作为参照，结果表明，采用目前可行的去极化脉冲结合并联充电的方法对电动车电池后续的推广使用有一定的实际参照意义。

PWM-controlled single-chip switching power supply lithium-ion battery chargers, effectively overcome the general charge, under-charging, low efficiency of the shortcomings, the charger for charging the overall management process, To be completed by pre-charge, fast charge and trickle charge function of the basic charge and battery safety monitoring functions and display functions, the realization of the intelligent charging, and to ensure that the charging effect .

PWM 控制的单片开关电源式锂电池充电器，有效地克服了一般充电、充电不足、效率低的缺点，该充电器对充电过程进行全面管理，可完成预充电、快速充电和涓流充电的基本充电功能和电池安全监测功能以及显示功能，实现了智能化充电，且保证了充电效果。

The working principle of a pump rod joint is to place the joint hoop bar stock into the stock bin. When the magic hand moves to the material receiving, with the help of gravity action, the bar stock automatically fall to the magic hand. When the pneumatic cylinder drives the magic hand to move to the designated location of the turning fixture, with the live center of the pneumatic tailstock automatically sent, the bar stock will be fixed between the apex of the lathe and the live center of the pneumatic tailstock. Then the magic hand automatically returns to the charging position with a single charging action completed, and prepares for the next charging.

它的工作原理是先将接箍棒料放置于料仓内，当机械手运动到接料位置时，棒料由于重力作用，自动掉落到机械手中，通过气缸带动机械手运动到指定车削位置时，尾座活顶尖自动送出，将棒料固定于机床顶尖与尾座活顶尖之间，机械手自动返回装料位置，完成单次供料动作，为下次送料做准备。

Panorama Many people are dancing in a large sitting room.

在一个大客厅里，许多人在跳舞。

We fully understand how a microwave oven cooks food, it is first necessary to talk ...

我们充分理解一个微波炉煮的食物，这是首先要谈。。。