查询词典 cerebral cortex

Object: Cerebral vasospasm constitutes a major complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm is unclear, in spite of intensive investigations conducted over the past years. Even though multiple factors are proposed to be involved in cerebral vasospasm, oxyhemoglobin is one of the most important spasmogens for cerebral vasospasm that fallows aneurismal SAH.

目的：脑血管痉挛是蛛网膜下腔出血后最常见和最严重的并发症，近年来人们对SAH所致脑血管痉挛的发生机制进行了大量的研究，但迄今尚未完全阐明，众说纷纭，甚至有些观点相反，但几乎所有关于脑血管痉挛原因的报告都认为，脑血管痉挛是多种原因造成的，其中氧合血红蛋白是SAH后血管痉挛的主要启动因素之一，它对内皮细胞及平滑肌的细胞毒作用已经被报道。

Results:(1) cerebrovascular syphilis 1 case, tabes dorsalis 2 cases;(2) mall cases. Serum and cercbrospinal fluid syphilis antibody reaction showed positive; CSF protein content was increased significantly, and cells in creased (3) MRA and DSA of cerebroascular syphilis show that Mi segment of the left middle cerebral artery is blocked. The left posterior cerebral artery and the left anterior cerebral artery compensate blood supply for the left middle cerebral artery through the conical branch.(4) MRI of head and thoracic cord was normal in 2 cases of tabes dorsalia. Result of EMG and biopsy of suml nerve not manifest damage of peripheral nerveous system.

结果：(1)脑血管梅毒1例，脊髓痨2例；(2)3例血和脑脊液的梅毒抗体均为阳性；脑脊液蛋白含量增加、细胞数增多：(3)脑血管梅毒患者MRA及DSA显示左大脑中动脉M1段闭塞；左大脑前动脉及左大脑后动脉通过皮层支向左大脑中动脉供血区代偿供血；(4)2例脊髓痨患者头颅及胸髓MRI无特殊发现，肌电图及周围神经活检不支待周围神经受损。

Methods Perfusion weighted imaging was performed in 45 cases of cerebral infarction. The sidetoside ratios of regional cerebral blood flow,regional cerebral blood volume and mean transit time were measured at duty lesion of ischemia. The hypoperfused cerebral areas and the stages of ischemia were defined as follows:compensation stage: rCBF was normal, rCBVwas increased, MTT was prolonged;decompensation stage: rCBF was slightly decreased, rCBV was normal or decreased, MTT was prolonged;preinfarction stage: rCBF and rCBV were decreased,MTT was prolonged.

利用磁共振灌注成像技术（perfusion weighted imaging，PWI）对45例缺血性脑血管病患者的责任病灶进行局部脑血流量，局部脑血容量，平均通过时间比值测定，确定低灌注脑区的影像学特点和缺血分期：代偿期（rCBF保持正常，rCBV升高，MTT延长）；失代偿期（rCBF轻度下降，rCBV正常或下降，MTT延长）；梗死前期：（rCBF下降，rCBV下降，MTT延长）。

Methods One hundred patients (30 cases of uncertained cerebral angiopathy, 4 cases after embolization of angiodysplasia, 19 cases of cerebral trauma, 30 cases of cerebral tumour,17 cases of other diseases) underwent CT cerebral angiography.

10 0例病人(包括 3 0例疑颅内血管病变，4例血管畸形栓塞术后，19例脑外伤，3 0例脑肿瘤，其他 17例)进行颅脑CT血管造影检查，团注 2 。5～ 3ml/s ，延迟 17～ 2 0s ，凡脑肿瘤者 1～ 1.5min后再进行一次扫描。

As a new diagnostic method, DTI technology should be a routine examination for cerebrovascular diseases.3 DTI sequence should be added when the patient with cerebral ischemia has been examinated by routine MRI and found LA or cerebral infarction on acute stage in doubt. DTI can find hyper-acute and acute cerebral infarction immediately in order to treat the illness in time.4 DTI technology can reflect the mini-alter of alba formation pericerebral infarction with non-invasion in vivo. It can also appraise the degree of cerebral infarction and anticipate the result.

应作为脑血管病影像学常规检查。3对于临床上有脑缺血表现的患者，其常规MRI检查仅发现有脑白质疏松或怀疑有急性期脑梗死，应该加做DTI序列以便及时发现并治疗疾病。4 DTI可在活体无创性的反映脑梗死灶周脑白质结构的微细改变及评估缺血性病变损伤的严重程度和预测脑梗死结果。

MethodsFocal cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent occlusion of the proximal of the right middle cerebral artery. The neurologic status of each rat was carefully evaluated at 24 h after surgery. The cerebral infarction numbers of neurons and nissls stains ,the water content were measured. Acute incomplete cerebral ischema was induced by ligaturing bilateral carotid arteries. Anoxia was produced by close normobaric hypoxia.

方法电凝大鼠一侧大脑中动脉造成局灶性脑缺血，观察脑血舒通对大鼠行为、大脑皮质内脑梗塞区神经细胞数量、尼氏小体含量、脑组织含水量的影响；采用结扎小鼠双侧颈总动脉形成急性脑缺血模型，并进行了小鼠常压耐缺氧实验，观察小鼠存活时间。

Objective To Study the scopolamine in the treatment of respiratory and circulatory failure caused by severe brain trauma or cerebral infarction. Methods The 31 respiratory and circulatory failure patients caused by severe brain trauma or cerebral infarction (treatment group,of which 18 cases of traumatic brain injury,cerebral infarction 13 cases) had both the conventional therapy and scopolamine treatment. With the same period 34 patients were treated only with the conventional therapy (control group,of which 19 cases of traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarction 15 cases).The two groups had no significant difference in gender, age and APACHEII score.

目的 研究东莨菪碱在重型脑外伤及脑梗塞致呼吸循环衰竭中的治疗效果；方法对31例重型脑外伤及脑梗塞致呼吸循环衰竭患者（治疗组，其中脑外伤18例，脑梗塞13例）在常规治疗的同时应用东莨菪碱治疗，并与同期收治的34例仅以常规治疗患者（对照组，其中脑外伤19例，脑梗塞15例）比较，两组在性别、年龄、APACHEII评分等差异无显著性。

Abstract］ objective to improve the diagnosis of non-ossifying fiboma by analysing its x-ray feature.methods plain x-ray films was performed in all patients.x-ray finding in 8 cases with pathologically-confirmed non-ossifying were analyzed.results the clinical symptom was mild,the lesions occurred usually at the metaphysis of the long bones,the affected bones included femur（n=4）,tibia（n=3）,humerus（n=1）.cortical type was seen in 5 cases,presenting as unilocular or multilacular transparent areas with in the cortex or tightly beneath the cortex,the lesion had a sclerotic margin.which was more obvious at the marrow side.medullary type was seen in 2 cases.the lesion was located at the center of the bone and grew centrally.the tumor was manifested as unilocular or multilocular.tramsparent area with sclerotic border and the bone cortex became thinner with slightly expanding on 11 sides.conclusion plain radiography is the elementally means to detect this disease.based on the typical x-ray signs of non-ossifying fibroma combined with clinical data,correct preoperative diagnosis can be made in most cases.

目的 探讨非骨化性纤维瘤的x线表现以提高诊断水平。方法所有病例均摄有x线平片，分析经病理证实的8例非骨化性纤维瘤。结果临床症状轻，好发于下肢长骨干骺端或骨干，股骨4例，胫骨3例，肱骨1例。皮质型5例，表现为皮质内或紧贴皮质下的单层或多层透亮区，病变向骨内发展进入髓腔，周围有致密硬化带环绕，以髓腔侧明显；髓质型2例，病灶在骨内中央发展，显示为单房或多房透亮区，边缘有硬化，骨皮质菲薄，轻微向周围膨隆。结论 x线为最基本的检查方法，典型病例x线平片结合临床症状即可明确诊断。

Intra-group analysis and inter-group analysis were performed. The results show that there are remarkable deficits on different levels of visual cortex in anisometropic amblyopia predominantly in the extrastriate cortex rather than the striate cortex.

结果表明，屈光参差性弱视的静息视觉网络中，多级视觉皮层均发生了明显的功能损害，其功能连接度的范围与强度显著低于正常组，而且，高级别纹外皮层比低级别纹状皮层损害更加明显。

The expression of NSE was detected in cortex of adrenal cortical hyperplasia, cortical adenomas and pheochromoeyte carcinoma, hut not in that of pheochromocytoma and normal adrenal. The expression of SYN was detected in cortex of corticohyperplassia, cortical adenomas, medull neoplasm, chromophile tumor and pheochromocyte carcinoma, but not in that of cortical adenocarcinoma and normal adrenal. The expressions of CgA, NSE and SIN were detected in the medulla of all cases. Conclusion The characteristic of CgA, SYN and NSE in cortex and medulla of adrenal are useful in the differential diagnosis of tumor and hyperplasia in the adrenal.

结果 肾上腺皮质腺瘤、皮质腺癌、嗜铬细胞瘤和嗜铬细胞癌的皮质中均可见CgA染色阳性细胞，皮质增生、髓质增生和正常肾上腺病例皮质CgA染色阴性；肾上腺皮质增生、皮质腺瘤、皮质腺癌、髓质增生和嗜铬细胞癌NSE染色呈阳性，嗜铬细胞瘤和正常肾上腺皮质NSE染色呈阴性；皮质增生、皮质腺瘤、髓质增生、嗜铬细胞瘤和嗜铬细胞癌的皮质中SYN染色呈阳性，皮质腺癌和正常肾上腺皮质SYN染色呈阴性；所有病例髓质CgA、NSE和SYN染色均呈强阳性。

It was just a normal day of school

那只是上学的普通一天

Which is a very good reference in this issue.

这是一个在这个问题上很好的参考。