查询词典 burden of proof

The inside value of the system of burden of proof lies in the distribution of burden of proof.

证明责任制度的价值内核在于证明责任的分配。

However, Single assignment of burden of proof cannot adapt to actual judicial practices with the complicated objective. Therefore, we have established the principle of assignments of burden of proof in the administrative procedure law. we shall insist the guidence of human rights and judicial fairness, and establish a multi-layered and synthetical system of assignment according to the condition that claimer undertake the responsibility of proof.

单一的举证责任分配原则，是无法适应复杂的行政诉讼实践需要的，以公民权对抗行政权的行政诉讼，其诉讼宗旨注定了行政诉讼举证责任分配原则的确立，应在坚持保障人权和司法公正的法律理念指导下，建立起一个以请求权人承担权利形成要件的证明责任为基础、以遇有疑问时有利于自由民等标准为补充的多层次综合分配体机制。

On the basis of thorough introspectionof the popular viewpoints of "The claimer should give evidenceand"the shifting of burden of proof"among Chinese scholars,Iput forward my humble view of the standard of the share of burden ofproof,among which that"the civilcode enactment should consider theshare of burden of proof is alegislative proposal.

第十章是关于我国证明责任分配标准理论的反思与完善。在对我国学术界流行的"谁主张、谁举证"和"举证责任倒置"的观点进行全面反省的基础上，提出了建立与完善我国证明责任分配标准理论的拙见，其中"民法典的制定应考虑证明责任分配"属于立法建议。

Firstly, a probe into the dual implications of burden of proof and the expurgation of its intrinsic meaning and result meaning is burden of proof in applied conditions of burden of proof .We should make a definition of applied conditions of burden of proof .The thesis makes a research into the internal structure of applied conditions of burden of proof so as to clearly show the triple contents of its internal structure. In addition, the thesis makes a probe into its regulating mechanism. It points out clearly that applied conditions of burden of proof must ensure the correct application and cautious application of burden of proof.

首先，通过对证明责任的双重含义进行考辨，廓清证明责任的两层含义中本质意义抑或结果意义乃是我所说的证明责任适用条件中的证明责任，对于证明责任适用条件的含义进行界定；继而，文章对证明责任适用条件的内部构造进行研究，指明其内部构造的三重内容；进而文章对证明责任适用条件的约束机制进行了探讨，明确指出，证明责任适用条件必须能够保障证明责任的正确适用与谨慎适用。

From the first part of a medical incidents and the Elements of the burden of proof on both sides of the basic meaning of the Medical Malpractice, discussed the establishment of medical blunders of several necessary conditions and scope, and for that special Malpractice use of the legal issues of the principle of inversion of the burden of proof.

第1部分从医疗事故构成要件和举证责任两方面阐述了医疗事故的基本含义，论述了医疗事故成立的几种必要条件及范围，以及对于医疗事故这一特殊的法律问题使用的举证责任倒置原则。

In the wake of the above the classification, Rosenberge raised the principle for distribution of burden of proof: person who is in view of right existence is obligated to take the burden of proof according to the legal requirement for the right occurring; person who deny right existence is obligated to take the burden of proof according to the legal requirement for right obstacle, right nullification or right obviation.

在进行了上述法律规范分类后，罗森伯格提出的分配证明责任的原则是：主张权利存在的人，应就权利发生的法律要件事实负证明责任；否认权利存在的人，应对存在权利障碍要件，权利消灭要件或权利排除要件事实负证明责任。

In the second part, this article gives descriptions about the effects ofpresumptions on the Burden of Proof in detail in the civil law and common law. In thecivil law, as a special provision of Burden of Proof, the presumption of law make theburden of production and the Burden of Proof shift to the adversary. In the commonlaw, there is a difficult wok to make a choice between shifting the burden ofproduction and shifting both of the burden of production and the burden ofpersuasion.

第二部分，就两大法系中推定对举证责任产生什么样的影响分别作了论述，大陆法系认为法律推定是一种特殊的举证责任规范，它转移结果意义上的举证责任和行为意义上的举证责任；英美法系法律推定在推定是只转移提供证据的责任还是及转移提供证据的责任又转移说服责任之间徘徊。

Acorrding to the analysis of theories of sharing the burden of proof and the facts that will be proved,this article puts forward a system of stardard of sharing the burden of proof:the commom stardard is "the one claims,the one adduces proof;the special stardard will clear and definite clicents" ability of adducing evidence correspondent to different fact of case.

本文通过对各种有关举证责任分配理论和特定待证事实的分析，最终形成了一个行政诉讼举证责任分配的标准体系：即在一般标准中坚持&谁主张，谁举证&和举证能力强势方举证的分配原则，在特殊标准中进一步明确当事人对于不同案件事实的举证现实性。

The burden of proof;The legal burden of proof;The burden of adducing evidence;The legal burden of proof;the accused;The prosecution

证明责任；举证责任；证明的法定责任；被告人；控方

Burden of proof in the trial may extend to the pretrial stage, imposing auxiliary burden of proof on investigators, extensive burden of proof on the defendant, and burden of proof on the criminal investigative agency in an accusatory investigation system. The relationship between the duty of prosecutors' being objective and their burden of proof should be well handled and burden of proof is subject to duty of being objective.

然而，文论虽多仍有概念模糊及适用不当的问题，而对审前程序中的证明责任、检察官证明责任与其客观义务的关系以及被害人在刑事公诉案件中的证明责任等直接影响制度构建与操作的问题，学界还缺乏注意与探讨，本文就这些问题作一试析，亦就教于学者与实务界人士。

But in the course of internationalization, they meet with misunderstanding and puzzlement.

许多企业已经意识到了这一点，但在国际化的进程中，仍存在一些误区与困惑。

Inorder toaccomplish this goal as quickly as possible, we'll beteamingup with anexperienced group of modelers, skinners, and animatorswhosenames willbe announced in the coming weeks.

为了尽快实现这个目标，我们在未来数周内将公布与一些有经验的模型、皮肤、动画制作小组合作。