查询词典 bud mutation

The inhibin a gene、 the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) gene and the bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene were studied as candidate genes on the prolificacy of Small Tail Han sheep. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of 5 ' regulatory region、 exon 1 of INHA gene;exon 2、 exon 3 and exon 4 of BMP4 gene and exon 2、 exon 3 of BMP7 were detected in high fecundity breed and low fecundity breeds (Chinese Merino sheep, Corriedale sheep and South African Mutton Merino sheep) by PCR-SSCP. The results indicated that there was a mutation (316C→T) in 5' region of INHA gene in Small Tail Han sheep, Chinese Merino sheep and Corriedale sheep, the same mutation did not exist in South African Mutton Merino sheep.

采用PCR-SSCP技术检测抑制素α(inhibin α，INHA)基因5'调控区、外显子1，骨形态发生蛋白4(bone morphogenetic protein 4，BMP4)基因外显子2、外显子3和外显子4以及骨形态发生蛋白7(bone morphogenetic protein 7，BMP7)基因外显子2和外显子3在高繁殖力绵羊品种以及低繁殖力绵羊品种(中国美利奴绵羊、考力代绵羊、南非肉用美利奴绵羊)中的单核苷酸多态性，同时研究这三个基因对小尾寒羊高繁殖力的影响。

Polymorphism was detected for exon 3 of BMP4 gene in four sheep breeds. For exon 3, three genotypes were detected in four sheep breeds. In Small Tail Han, Chinese Merino, Corriedale and South African Mutton Merino sheep, frequency of genotype AA was 0.017, 0.216, 0.115, 0.429, frequency of genotype AB was 0.102, 0.317, 0.269, 0.500, frequency of genotype BB was 0.881, 0.467, 0.616, 0.071, respectively. Sequencing revealed one singlenucleotide mutation C→A at 305 bp of exon 3 of BMP4 gene in genotype BB in comparison to genotype AA, and this mutation resulted in an amino acid change of alanine→aspartic acid.

对于外显子3的引物，在4个绵羊品种中都检测到3种基因型；统计结果表明：小尾寒羊、中国美利奴绵羊、考力代绵羊、南非肉用美利奴绵羊AA基因型频率分别为0.017、0.216、0.115、0.429，AB基因型频率分别为0.102、0.317、0.269、0.500，BB基因型频率分别为0.881、0.467、0.616、0.071；测序结果表明：BB型和AA型相比在BMP4基因外显子3第305位碱基处发生C→A的突变，该突变导致氨基酸由丙氨酸改变为天冬氨酸；BB型小尾寒羊平均产羔数分别比AB型和AA型多0.61只（P.05）和1.01只（P.05）。

Carriers of either mutation who were diagnosed with breast cancer before age 55 faced an 18 percent cumulative probability of developing cancer in the opposite breast within 10 years as compared to a 5 percent cumulative probability among women who were mutation-free.

无论是谁的乳腺癌诊断与基因突变携带者55岁之前在10年内面临着一个发展中的百分之18的对面乳腺癌的累积概率为百分之五比一，妇女谁是突变无累积概率。

The members with Leber hereditary opˉtic neuropathy have a point mutation in mtDNA and the mutation at np11778is one of mechanisms inducing this disease.PCR technique provides a useful diagnostic aid for LHON.

该LHON家系成员存在线粒体DNA点突变，mtDNA的ND4亚单位第11778核苷酸突变是本病的发病机制之一，PCR-限制性核酸内切酶酶谱分析技术为LHON的诊断提供了依据。

Mutation of the gARID1 binding site in the cwp1 promoter resulted in a decrease of promoter activity and mRNA levels during vegetative growth and encystation, suggesting that the gARID1 binding sites are positive cis-acting elements of the cwp1 gene promoters in both trophozoites and encysting cells. Using cotransfection assay, we also found overexpession of gARID1 can increase luciferase activity and mRNA levels, while mutation of the gARID1 binding sites of the cwp1 promoter resulted loss of this transactivation.

我们也用萤光酵素基因接上cwp1基因启动子，如果将其cwp1启动子上的gARID1结合位置突变，也可以发现萤光酵素和讯息RNA的表现有明显的下；再用cotransfection assay，可发现gARID1会使萤光酵素和讯息RNA表现明显上升，然而如果将其cwp1启动子上的gARID1结合位置突变，这种转活化则消失。

The heat source in mid-Africa presents weaken mutation in 70 's, but that in the Philippines in the tropical western Pacific and the southwest of Caribbean present enhancive mutation.

5冬季南美洲北部热源具有明显的年代际变化，70年代中期存在增强突变，南非和海洋大陆至印度洋一带热源存在增强变化趋势，而澳大利亚西北至南太平洋一带热源存在减弱变化趋势。

In this paper, the advances in research of laser mutation breeding mechanism was expounded and the application and achievements in breeding of agriculture, pasturage, farrier and industry microorganism of laser mutation were introduced.

阐述了激光诱变育种机理的研究进展，介绍了激光诱变在农作物、畜牧兽医、工业微生物育种上的应用及取得的成果，并介绍了激光诱变育种的一般操作过程，最后展望了激光诱变育种今后的研究前景。

At the early iteratives, the mutation rate is bigger and the aim is to make particles to explore smaller and isolate region and to avoid the algorithm trapping to the local optimum. While the algorithm runs, the mutation rate will be decreased to reduce the disturbing to the particles. IPSO adopts a new method that congregates some neighboring individuals to form multiple sub-populations in order to lead particles to explore new search space. Additionally, our algorithm incorporates a mechanism with a simple and easy penalty function based on the largest distance between the particle and the boundary of the feasible region to handle constraint.

IPSO采用了一种新型的变异策略，变异概率随着算法的运行是动态变化的：在算法运行初期，变异概率大，其目的是使算法不但能够探测到目标空间中的孤立区域，而且避免搜索陷入局部极值；在算法运行后期，变异概率逐渐变小，以减少对粒子的扰动；算法通过将部分具有邻近距离的粒子聚集成核形成多子群引导种群中粒子的飞行；采用一个简单的基于粒子与可行域边界最远距离的罚函数处理约束的机制，使得算法高效实现。

For the disease to occur, a sperm carrying the mutation (50:50 chance) must fertilise an egg carrying the mutation (50:50 chance).

为疾病的发生，精子进行基因突变（ 50：50机会）必须受精鸡蛋进行突变（ 50：50机会）。

A new RHAG mutation was found firstly in Chinese population,it is a 582 C＞T homozygosity mutation in RHAG gene.

首次在中国人群RhD变异型标本中发现一例新的RHAG等位基因，该等位基因是RHAG外显子第582位C＞T杂合突变。

In this new architectural plan the Garden of Golgotha came to be at the centre of the new city.

Aelia 是高举他自己，并在此城内朝拜罗马诸神。

The continuous nature of peat accumulation means that terrestrial coaly rocks may provide a higher resolution and more complete record of base-level change than the time-equivalent shallow-marine strata, thus enabling the identification of highfrequency cycles that are not recorded in themarine strata.

泥炭积累的持续性质的手段，陆地coaly岩石可提供较高的分辨率和更完整的记录基准面变化的影响时，相当于浅海阶层，从而使确定的高频周期，不记录在themarine 阶层。