bone up

It is one of the key pathogeneses of postmenapausal osteoporosis that estrogen deficiency leads to the decrease of OPG、TGFβ expression and the increasing expression of some bone-resorbing cytokines as OPGL、M-CSF and TRAIL, then stimulates osteoclast differentiation and activity, which potentiates bone resorption and bone loss:(2) ICI182780 shows partial transactivating function in osteoblasts, so it should belong to a kind of selective estrogen receptor modulators .

雌激素缺乏可能导致HOB中OPG、TGFβ的表达减少，而解除了对OPGL、M-CSF和TRAIL等刺激OC生成和活化的细胞因子的抑制作用，OC的数量和活性增加，导致骨吸收增强和骨量丢失，这是导致绝经后骨质疏松症的一个重要的发病机制；ICI182780在成骨细胞内表现出促转录活性，因此它并非纯ER拮抗剂，而应属于选择性雌激素受体调节剂(selective estrogen receptor modulator，SERM)。

The main advantage of bone allograft is that it can be integrated with host bone and be remodelled, so as to reconstruct bone structure and function.

异体骨移植的主要优点是能够与宿主骨整合并塑形，可替代自体骨移植，实现骨结构和功能重建。

These prostate cancer bony metastases show an increased expression of the PTH receptor, and PTH promotes the growth and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells in bone. Hence, these blastic metastases appear to induce a "vicious cycle," in which PTH resorbs normal bone to support the growth of blastic bone.

这些转移到骨骼的摄护腺癌，其PTH受体的表现是增加的，且PTH促进骨骼中摄护腺癌细胞的生长与侵入性，因此，这些骨塑型的转移显然会造成一种恶性循环，PTH会分解正常的骨骼，以支撑骨塑骨骼的生长。

The bone was scissored into two parts in cold DMEM culture solution, bone marrow was obtained by scrape, bone pieces were rinsed with DMEM solution to separate more single-cells.

将分离骨骼置于冷DMEM培养液中，分成两半，刮取骨髓，而后吹打骨碎片，使更多细胞脱落。

Methods 21 cases with suspicioned avulsion fracture of articular portion of tubular bone were reviewed. The cortical continuity of separate small bone and contiguous bone portion was investigated. The swell of soft tissue around these small bones was observed simultaneously.

回顾性分析21例怀疑骨端骨折而行法医学鉴定的案例，通过观察骨端游离小骨周边是否存在连续的骨皮质、小骨片相对侧表面是否有连续的骨皮质和局部软组织肿胀情况，并结合损伤机理考察骨折形态。

Fig. 3 The bone interface was seen among bone graft, bone bed and implant HE ×4

图3 自体骨植入3个月，移植骨和骨床与种植体间均是骨界面HE ×4

Some essential trace elements were reported to be involved in the normal bone metabolism. Nowadays rare earth elements are widely used in many fields and more and more rare earth elements enter the environment and food chains They are enriched in bone and difficult to be excreted. Because the similarity between rare earth ions (Ln3+) and Ca2+, they will intervene and regulate bone formation and remodeling.

骨骼的正常代谢涉及多种金属离子，随着稀土的应用，通过环境和经由食物链等渠道进入人体内的稀土量也有所增加，并且在骨组织中相对富集且难排出；由于稀土与钙离子的相似性，它们将干预和调控骨的形成与再造。

Some essential trace elements were reported to be involved in the normal bone metabolism. Nowadays rare earth elements are widely used in many fields and more and more rare earth elements enter the environment and food chains. They are enriched in bone and difficult to be excreted. Because the similarity between rare earth ions Ln(superscript 3+ and Ca(superscript 2+), they will intervene and regulate bone formation and remodeling.

骨骼的正常代谢涉及多种金属离子，随着稀土的应用，通过环境和经由食物链等渠道进入人体内的稀土量也有所增加，并且在骨组织中相对富集且难排出；由于稀土与钙离子的相似性，它们将干预和调控骨的形成与再造。

Evaluating bone marrow fat in combination with bone mineral density can better predict bone weakening.

骨髓脂肪检测联合骨骼矿物质密度检测，能够更好地预测骨质疏松。

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of the compound of calcium phosphate bone cement with allogeneic micromorselized bone on repairing bone defect at different ratios, and to determine the best ratio.

目的：观察不同比例的同种异体微小颗粒骨与磷酸钙骨水泥复合物修复兔桡骨缺损的效果，寻找最合适的比例。

I hope that this success is just the first in a long series.

我希望这只是成功的开始。

Three dimensional stresses on the interface of tire and soil, tire deflection and soil sinkage are measured.

测试轮胎——沙土界面上的三向应力、轮胎变形和沙土沉陷；建立考虑剪切应力对沙土承载特性产生影响的车轮牵引性能预测模型；分析车轮作用下土壤的纵向稳定性。