查询词典 biased sample

SNR maximum likelihood estimator based on data directed decision was evaluated first, and was concluded as a biased estimator. An unbiased estimator can be acquired through high order moments of received data.

摘要通过对基于判决反馈的信噪比最大似然估计推导过程的分析，得出：判决反馈最大似然估计得到的估计值是有偏估计；利用基带数据的高阶矩特性，可以获得渐近无偏估计。

We first state general linear model, ridge-type estimator and general ridge-type estimator, and the constraint biased estimator. And then, we introduce some basic theory about matrix and some conclusion about the admissibility of estimator in Gauss-Markov model. In the third chapter, we discussion several equivalent characterization of the best linear unbiased estimation, we proved that admissible characterization of admissible of linear estimation is as conditional general ridge-type estimation in general linear model. A necessary and sufficient condition that homogeneous linear estimator is admissible estimator is obtained.

本文首先概述了一般线性模型，岭估计及约束岭估计的发展历史和研究现状，在第二章介绍了矩阵的一些基本知识和可容许性的一些基本结论，第三章讨论了一般线性模型最佳线性无偏估计的几个等价条件，以及线性估计的可容许性特征，得到了一般线性模型的可容许线性估计均具有条件广义岭估计的形式，给出了一个齐次线性估计为可容许估计的充分必要条件。

However, we found, for nonstationary panels with deterministic trends, the S_N test statistics would be biased and its asymptotic distribution would not be standard normal.

但我们的研究表明，在非平稳综列数据含有确定性趋势时，SN检验是有偏的，不再服从标准正态的渐近分布，而需要进行修正。

Yeah, 80% of people who take this test are biased.

是的，接受测试的人中80%有这问题。

It's not unusual to see test plans biased toward functional testing.

将测试计划偏重于功能测试的情况的并不少见。

Chery says that the test was biased, and that the car performed better in a follow-up test in China.

奇瑞公司称那次测试带有偏向性，该车随后在中国的碰撞测试中表现更好。

It'snot unusual to see test plans biased toward functional testing.

将测试计划偏重于功能测试的情况的并不少见。

It's very easy to become biased and fail to objectively test the software because you might tailor the tests to match the code's operation.

它很容易导致偏见，不能客观的测试软件，因为您很可能先入为主的将您先看到的代码操作来套您的测试。

Are the test items biased against a specific gender group?(3) Is there any gender differences in cognitive learning with respect to accounting curriculum? We will employ the CPA examination data from the period 2002 to 2006 provided by the Examination Yuan for the empirical purposes.

本研究主要依据测验理论中的差别试题功能(Differential item Functioning， DIF)和差别试题组功能(Differential Bundle Functioning， DBF)，透过现代测验理论，检测91 年~95 年新制下的会计师考试试题中，各个专业科目试题，是否存在性别 DIF。

But that's the choice that I made, and it is biased.

但这是我的选择，只对我起作用。

There are different types of personal loans available.

有许多不同类型的个人贷款优惠。

The above mentioned teaching model of spiral rising can be used to avoid rigidness in teaching.

上述螺旋式上升的教学模式，可以避免教学形成模式後的僵化现象。