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The molecular trees show the species is a basal group in Smilax phylogenetic tree, and is of a parallel origin with other groups: some species with single umbel and most species with raceme of umbels.

在分子树上，它是处于菝葜属内基部的一个类群，与其它类群(包括部分单伞花序的种及大部分圆锥花序的种)是平行起源的。

To overcome the difficulty of data sparsity in recommendation systems, a collaborative filtering algorithm based on clustering basal users is presented.

为了降低数据稀疏性的影响，提高推荐系统的推荐生成质量，提出了一种基于多层相似性用户聚类的协同过滤推荐算法。

The histosection of ram testes about 2-3 month old were made and observed, the morphology of germ cells were uniform in seminiferous tubules and did not enter the spermatogenesis. We have found a lot of PGP9.5 positive spermatogonium on basal membrane and it could be used culture in vitro.

对2~3月龄的山羊睾丸做切片观察，发现曲细精管中细胞形态比较单一，生精上皮还没有进入生精周期，通过免疫组化染色发现在曲细精管基底膜有大量PGP9.5 精原干细胞。

Beijing is provided with typical urban landscape, forest land is the maximal and basal landscape patch type (area proportion 42.534%), glebe field (28.754%),spinney land and urban (26.912%) and town residential landuse (10.344%) are main landscape patch categories in Beijing. From landscape, landscape patch types and landscape patch categories levels, landscape patch distributing centralize, and patch shape is simple, main landscape patch fractal dimension indexes are under 1.1, so urban landscape pattern is high influenced by human disturbance.2. From 1985 to 2007, Beijing landscape pattern variational characteristics are as follows:(1) During 1985-2007, patch types and categories change is little, but area and patch number of patch types and categories change distinctly. Town residential landuse area increased 7.66% of Beijing total area, farmland and forest land area decrease in the mass. The total patch number increased at first then decreased. taking one with another, the total number is decreasing, and patch number of farmland and forest land are most distinct.

本研究的主要研究结果如下：1、北京市具有典型的城市景观特征，林地用地的面积占市域面积的42.534%，为基质景观斑块类型，旱田(28.754%)、灌木林(26.912%)、城镇用地(10.344%)是北京市主要景观斑块种类；从景观、景观斑块类型以及景观斑块三个层次的研究均表现出北京市各景观斑块类型及景观斑块集中分布的现象十分突出，斑块形状简单，主要景观斑块种类的景观分维度指数值均不足1.1，表明城市景观格局受到了较大的人为影响。2、北京市1985-2007年间城市景观格局的主要变化特征表现为以下几个方面：(1)在研究时段内，北京市景观斑块种类变化不大，景观组分面积和斑块数变化明显，其中最为显著的是北京市城镇建设用地面积呈单纯的增加趋势，增加幅度为北京市总面积的7.66%，农业用地与林地的面积虽呈波动变化但总体呈减少趋势；景观斑块数量先增后降，总体呈下降趋势，其中耕地与林地斑块数的变化最为明显。

The expression of PCNA was significantly higher in CA than that in normal skins and the positive cells in CA were mainly throughout basal and spinous layers.

CA皮损中PCNA的表达水平明显高于正常人皮肤组织，阳性表达主要位于基底层和棘层细胞。

Result:TNF-α was localized in the epitheliun and connective tissue of cholesteatomas studied, particularly on basal and spinous cells and macrophages.

结果：TNF-α定位于胆脂瘤组织的上皮及上皮下结缔组织，较正常外耳道及鼓膜的染色明显增强。

Pollen morphology of six species were similar, all trisected circular shape in polar view, tricolporate. Observed under LM the ornamentation of exine is granular with spinules arranged sparsely and under SEM the basal part of spinule extend.

六种沙蒿的花粉较为相似，极面观均为三裂圆形，三孔沟，孔横长，外壁纹饰在光镜下表面颗粒状，在电镜下为排列较疏的刺，刺基外延。

BACKGROUND: Mohs micrographic surgery is recognized globally as the criterion standard for high-risk basal cell carcinoma.

背景：Mohs显微手术是全球公认的高危基底细胞癌的标准治疗规范。

In this dissertation , the methods of prediction and parameters\' estimation based on stationary multivariate autoregressive models AR(p are studied systematically. Some properties of these methods are formulized.In the first part, it introduce some basal conceptions about multidimensional stationary time series, contained the estimation and property of mean vector and auto-covariance function. Then the stable condition of multidimensional AR models are discussed.

本文主要研究了多维平稳序列自回归模型AR的参数估计及其相关的统计性质，具体内容如下：第一部分，介绍了多维平稳时间序列及其均值向量和协方差阵函数的概念，并引入了多维AR模型及其数字特征，在此基础上给出了模型的平稳性条件。

The basal element is given, and the statistical estimation Monte Carlo eslimators are derived.

介绍了统计估计蒙特卡罗可靠性仿真的基本原理，给出了统计估计蒙特卡罗计算方法的无偏估计量和具体算法。

The two-acre Dunbar Community Garden in Little Rock has served as a model for several years.

几年来，坐落于小石城，占地两英亩的邓巴社区菜园树立了一个标杆。

Jerry points to the jacket hanging in the bathroom. It's ruined, and unwearable What?

杰瑞指着洗手间里挂着的夹克，毁了，不能穿了）什么？