查询词典 adiabatic process

An engine cyclic variation model has been built by using the residual gas temperature for the n-th cycle as the input of the model, through constant pressure intake process, adiabatic compression process, constant volume combustion process, adiabatic expansion process, adiabatic blow down process and constant pressure exhaust process to approximate the thermodynamic processes in the cylinder, finally the residual gas temperature for the (n+1)-th cycle can be estimated.

基于循环间变动的排气温度建立了一个发动机循环变动模型。在这个模型中，第n个循环的排气温度作为模型的输入，通过定压进气过程、绝热压缩过程、定容燃烧过程、绝热膨胀过程、定容放热过程和定压排气过程来近似汽缸内的热力学过程，最后得出第n+1个循环的排气温度。

Based on an analysis of the timer structure on the C54x, a new design scheme of an adiabatic timer is presented using the theory of three essential circuit elements for adiabatic circuits and the characteristics of the clocked transmission gate adiabatic logic circuit and its adiabatic flipflop.

为了设计低功耗定时器，首先利用钟控传输门绝热逻辑电路设计绝热触发器，然后在分析C54X的定时器结构基础上，利用绝热电路三要素理论，结合钟控传输门绝热逻辑电路及其绝热触发器的特性，提出绝热定时器的设计新方案。

The external work in the irreversible adiabatic expansion process is the part of the expansion work, which is the sum of the available work and the work used to repel air. So the external work in the irreversible adiabatic expansion process is less than that in the reversible adiabatic expansion process, but not the expansion work.

终压相同时，可逆绝热膨胀过程对外所作的功等于膨胀功，不可逆绝热膨胀过程对外所作的功小于膨胀功，其对外所作的功仅是膨胀功的一部分，是排斥大气所作功与有用功之和，故不可逆过程对外所作的功小于可逆过程的膨胀功，而不是其"膨胀功"小于可逆过程的膨胀功。

Based on concept of U(1)-invariant adiabatic expansion we propose an invariant perturbation theory of quantum adiabatic process, furthermore, we obtain a new adiabatic condition.

我们提出了绝热轨道、绝热演化轨道及U(1)不变的绝热轨道和绝热演化轨道等概念，重申了绝热演化的含义。并在U(1)变换不变展开的基础上给出了绝热近似不变微扰理论新的绝热条件，并进一步得到了新的绝热条件。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

Then the paper deduced the quench development characteristic of MgB2 tape by all the above study. The work environment cooled by GM cooler is an adiabatic environment. However the environment cooled by liquid helium is incomplete an adiabatic environment. In order to simulate the adiabatic environment, the tape was remodeled as follows. The tape is bundled by vitreous riband in half pile mode, and the angle of the tape and the riband is 45 degree. Then use cryogenic epoxy hardener to coat the surface of the riband.

上述的三个工作环境中，制冷机传导冷却工作环境是绝热工作环境，而后两者并非是绝热工作环境，为了模拟带材的绝热工作环境，对带材作如下处理：用玻璃丝带对已固定好电压引线的带材以半叠包的方式缠绕一圈，玻璃丝带与带材成45度夹角，然后用低温环氧胶均匀涂抹在玻璃丝带的表面，随后用烘箱烘烤已涂匀环氧的带材18-24小时，最后取出带材直到低温环氧完全固化。

An adiabatic system is designed to obtain the cooled circulating condition for the superconducting magnet. The system is comprised of vacuum adiabatic mti1ayer, copper thermal shield, snake vent-pipe and so on, which elided the complicated frame of liquid nitrogen thermal shield outside of the inner-cryostat, simplified technical structures, and achieved favorable adiabatic effect.

为了获得有效的超导磁体运行的低温环境，研制了一套采用真空多层绝热、铜辐射冷屏、蛇形排气管结构形式的绝热系统，省去了传统的在内杜瓦外面添加液氮屏的结构，简化了工艺结构，操作方便，绝热效果良好。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

When the termination pressure in the reversible adiabatic expansion process is equal to that in the irreversible adiabatic expansion process, the external work in the former is equal to the expansion work, however that in the latter is less than the expansion work.

指出了文献[1]中关于闭口系统不可逆绝热过程分析存在的问题，认为闭口系统绝热膨胀过程对外所作的功等于热力学能降，而非膨胀功等于热力学能降。

The radial plasma transport in the Saturn's magnetosphere is that the denser plasma becomes cooler because of adiabatic expansion in the process of outward transport while the injected lighter plasma becomes hotter due to the adiabatic compression.

密度大的等离子体在向外输运过程中会绝热膨胀而温度降低，密度小的等离子体则在注入磁层过程中因为绝热压缩而温度升高。

This immediately brings us to the next part of this article: creating an output "replace function".

下面进入文章的第二部分：建立一个"缓存处理函数"。

He was elected as an International Ornithological Committee member in 2002 during the 24th IOC held in Beijing.

现为中国鸟类学会理事和WPA 专家组成员。2002年被推选为国际鸟类委员会委员。