查询词典 accounting

There are various managerial accounting approaches: Standardized or Standard Cost Accounting Activity-based Costing Resource Consumption Accounting Throughput Accounting Marginal Costing / Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Classical Cost Elements are: Raw Materials Labor Indirect Expenses / Overhead Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business.

有各种管理会计方法：标准化或标准成本会计基于活动的成本资源消耗会计吞吐量会计边际成本/成本本量利分析古典成本要素是：原材料劳动间接开支/架空成本核算一直用来帮助管理人员理解的费用，经营企业。

Such information is, just like other"public goods,"a kind of commodity exchanged in a special manner. In Chapter 4 the issue of the quality of accounting information, i. e., the issue of manipulating accounting information is deliberated. The rampant spread of falsified accounting information results in a serious social harm in China. The writer analyses the cause of such a phenomenon in sight of Western property economics and information economics, and points out that human selfishness, information asymmetry, moral risks and exteriority of such human behaviour and its results will eventually lead to accounting falsification. In this case, accounting falsification will be considered as a rational behaviour.

本章分析了我国虚假会计信息泛滥的种种表现及对对企业和社会的严重危害，运用西方产权经济学、信息经济学的若干理论，分析了虚假会计信息的成因，提出在缺乏制度制约的情况下，人的自利倾向、信息不对称、道德风险和人们行为及后果的外部性，使会计作假成为难以避免的、当人的理性行为。

After that, the article expounds how the social labor value theory overcomes the theoretical hard nuts in the financial accountings:(1) it has solved the issue of conformity between the production domain and accounting domain by holding that the social labor creates the value, which decides that the domains of production and accounting should be extended to cover the tertiary industry;(2) it has solved the issue of the valuation standards in the economic accounting by holding that the theoretical value should be converted into the actual value and that only when the price of production is used as the valuation standards can the financial accounting and economic accounting have a true valuation basis;(3) it has solved the issue of creation and distribution of surplus value and explicitly points out that the power of science and technology determines that the surplus value comes mainly from the materialized labor. Only when we have a clear understanding of this point and have realized that the value of product is created jointly by the materialized labor and the laborer can we straighten out the relationship in the distribution of earning inside the enterprise and understand that the distribution on the basis of contributed capital is a reasonable choice at present.

其次，着重阐述了社会劳动价值论如何解决经济核算中的理论难题：一是解决了生产范围与核算范围的统一问题，认为社会劳动创造价值，决定了生产范围与核算范围都必须扩大到第三产业；二是解决了经济核算的计价标准问题，认为必须从理论价值转化为实际价值，用生产价格作为计价标准，才能使会计核算和经济核算真正具有计价基础；三是解决了剩余价值的创造与分配问题，并明确指出，科技的力量决定了剩余价值主要来自于物化劳动，只有认清这点，承认企业的产品价值是物、活劳动共同创造的，才能真正理顺企业的利益分配关系，才能理解按资分配是现实合理的选择。

This paper introduces the accounting principle of prudence in our accounting of the use of concrete, mainly from inventory accounting, Investment in fixed assets accounting and accounting aspects discussed, and a simple analysis of the inventory valuation method, lowering of cost and market price, depreciation and devaluation of fixed assets.

本文首先介绍了会计谨慎性原则在我国会计核算中的具体运用的情况，主要从存货核算、投资核算和固定资产核算等方面来论述，并简单分析了存货计价方法，成本与市价孰低法，折旧方法和固定资产减值准备。

So, after reviewing the existing achievement in research of the quality of accounting information both at home and abroad critically, this article starts with two layers of the internal and external running mechanism that determines the quality of accounting information, and launches discussing five respects which are the public goods attribute of accounting information, effective weak tendency of securities market, the space characteristic that accounting policy chooses, the incompleteness of contracts, and system seductive reasons of the iransfomiation period, analyzing the deep origin of low quality of accounting information in detail.

所以，本文在批判地回顾了国内外已有的会计信息质量研究成果之后，从决定会计信息质量的内外运行机制这两个方面入手，分别就会计信息的公共物品属性、证券市场的弱势有效、会计政策选择的空间特征、企业契约的不完备性以及转型时期的制度诱因等五个方面展开讨论，详细剖析了会计信息质量低下的深层根源。

Result: Lung door district 10 of lump （account for 66%, 4 of left side among them, 6 of right side）; Put the leaf and carry and break 1 lump, accounting for take 7%; The bronchus is narrow, block 8, accounting for 53%; 5 cases of blocking pneumonia, accounting for 33%; 8 cases of blocking lung etc., accounting for 53%; The tumour infringes 6 mediastinums and pleuras 40%; The lymph gland of lung door and mediastinum shifts 5, accounting for 33%; After Gd-DTPA is strengthened, 10 lumps are strengthened-notably .

结果：肺门区肿块10例（占66%，其中左侧4例，右侧6例）；下叶背段肿块1例，占7%；支气管狭窄、阻塞8例，占53%；阻塞性肺炎5例，占33%；阻塞性肺不张8例，占53%；肿瘤侵犯纵隔及胸膜6例，占40%；肺门及纵隔淋巴结转移5例，占33%；Gd-DTPA增强后，10例肿块均显著强化。

Even if both the creative accounting phenomenon and accounting fraud appear in companies with financial difficulties and are aimed to misreport, there has to make a difference between them: creative accounting represents the manipulation of the accounts according to accounting regulation and the law, while the techniques that break the law are considered accounting fraud.

即使双方的创造性会计与会计舞弊现象出现在经济上有困难的公司，并旨在错报，有使他们之间的区别：创造性会计代表对账目操纵按照会计制度与法律，而技术，被认为是违法的会计欺诈行为。

This paper especially discusses the origin and development of accounting behavior,the subject and object of ac- counting behavior,the influenced factor and aim of accounting behavior.Based on these,the essence of accounting behavior is concluded as follows:influenced by the internal and exter- nal environment and prompted by the objective of accounting behavior,it is dynamic and ob- jective accounting practical activity which the subjec...

在讨论了会计行为的产生与发展、会计行为主体和客体及其相互关系、会计行为的目标、会计行为的影响因素及要求后，以此为基础，概括出会计行为的本质——会计行为主体受内、外环境的影响，在会计行为目标的驱动下，运用现代会计管理的理论和方法作用于会计管理客体能动的有目的的会计实践活动。

This paper takes finance management reformation in Dongfeng Nissan for example, explaining that under macro background of information economy and network revolution and with the reference of existing theoretical framework of strategic management accounting, focusing on the crying for car enterprise strategic management, demonstrating impersonally and reasoningly strategic management accounting's practical condition in application in car enterprises and the existing problems in actual usage. It let us understand how strategic management accounting penetrated strategic management idea to the management accounting information system in car enterprise, providing information for car enterprises management , making car enterprises to get permanent strategic competitiveness and accelerating to promote the application course of strategic management accounting theory in practice of car enterprise finance management.

本文以东风日产公司财务管理变革为例，在知识经济和网络革命的宏观背景下，以战略管理会计既有的理论框架为依据，着眼于汽车企业战略管理的迫切需要，客观而又理性地论证战略管理会计在汽车企业应用的现实条件，实际应用中存在的问题，使我们了解战略管理会计是如何将战略管理理念渗透到整个汽车企业的管理会计信息系统中，为汽车企业的管理提供信息，使汽车企业获得持久的战略竞争力，从而加速推动战略管理会计理论在汽车企业财务管理实践中的应用进程。

In the construction project contract award, the owner generation of buckle business tax money and the additional situation is very common, how always wraps the unit to sublet the project generation of buckle tax money to carry on the correct calculation,"Business accounting System","Construction Business accounting Calculates Means" as well as in 2006 promulgates "Business accounting Criterion 15th -- Construction Contract" to has not sublet the project the accounting to make the explicit stipulation, this article is really to this situation, has carried on the detailed elaboration on the owner generation of buckle tax money's subpackage project tax treatment and the accounting method.

内容摘要：在建设工程发包中，业主代扣营业税金及附加的情况十分普遍，总包单位如何对分包工程代扣税金进行正确的核算，《企业会计制度》、《施工企业会计核算办法》以及 2006年颁布的《企业会计准则第15号——建造合同》中均未对分包工程的会计核算作出明确的规定，本文就是真对这一情况，就业主代扣税金的分包工程税务处理及会计核算方法进行了详细的阐述。

Yet, Edith says, there was always money in the bank.

但是Edith说，她的银行户口里面总是有钱。

We have created a series of files that resolve this problem--one for each day of the 40 days of purpose.

我们制作一系列的档案去解决这问题---一个为标竿40天中的每一天。