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Mild realism defines fictional objects as a kind of abstract objects. And antirealism considers that fictional objects are nothing or none. This paper holds and proves that fictional objects are one kind of abstract objects produced by the"third world".

极端实在论者把虚构对象看作与抽象对象和实体对象具有同等地位的另一种具有客观存在的对象；温和实在论把虚构对象定义为抽象对象的一种；非实在论者完全否定虚构对象的存在，把虚构对象等同于空无和虚无。

The paper is organized as follows. In chapter 2, we introduce some concepts about SEA, the abstract SEA model and the convergence definition of algorithm. In chapter 3, we describe firstly the evolution of PMA as an abstract stochastic process, and by characterizing axiomatically the properties of the fundamental selection and evolution operators, we conclude that PMA is essentially a kind of SEA.

本文结构安排如下：第二章介绍了模拟进化算法的一些基本概念、形式化随机过程描述以及收敛性定义；第三章对改进后的 PMA 各操作作了抽象定义，得到了 PMA 的形式化随机过程描述，并公理化地证明了各操作算子为选择或繁殖算子，从而得出 PMA本质上也是一种模拟进化算法；第四章先对选择算子特征数定义作了适当改进，并通过各进化算子的具体特征数指出，如果 PMA 不采取任何执行策略时，算法本身并不收敛。

This thesis focuses on studying the matrix equa-tion problem systematically, and proposed an abstract algorithm of solving the matrixequation with constraints, and established a strict convergence theory. Using this algo-rithm, we can solve the sets of matrix equation satisfying some constraint conditions,such as symmetric, antisymmetric, centrosymmetric, centroskew symmetric, re?exive,antire?exive, bisymmetric, symmetric and antipersymmetric, symmetric orthogonalsymmetric, symmetric orthogonal antisymmetric, Hermite generalized Hamilton ma-trix;So we can solve the problem with this algorithm, if the set of constrain matrixcan make a subspace in matrix space, and this algorithm also can solve the optimalapproximation and least squares problem. So this abstract algorithm has universal andimportant practical value.

本篇硕士论文系统地研究了此类问题，并找到了求解约束矩阵问题的抽象算法，并建立严格的收敛性理论，利用这一算法可求解约束条件为对称矩阵、反对称矩阵、中心对称矩阵、中心反对称矩阵、自反矩阵、反自反矩阵，对称正交对称矩阵、对称正交反对称矩阵、双中心矩阵、Hermite广义Hamilton矩阵等；可以说只要约束矩阵集合在矩阵空间中构成子空间，都可以考虑用此算法求解，而且这一算法还能把矩阵方程解及其最佳逼近，最小二乘解及其最佳逼近统一处理，因此本文算法有普适性和重要的实用价值。

Although it is possible to have variables and values whose compile-time types are abstract, such variables and values will necessarily either be null or contain references to instances of nonabstract classes derived from the abstract types

尽管可以变量和值在编译时的类型是抽象的，但这些变量和值必须要么为null，要么存储继承自抽象类型的非抽象类的实例的引用。

The head of a nominalized structure is mostly an abstract noun derived from a verb or an adjective,which is usually abstract in meaning,but sometimes refers to something concrete.

名词化结构的中心词一般是由动词或形容词派生或转化来的抽象名词，意义往往抽象，但有时又指具体事物，并且其结构成分之间关系复杂，因而在理解和翻译时不易把握。

Ask: Architecture that is very abstract and at the same time extremely material, that pushes projects towards these two poles, implies that something in the matter outlasting the thinking… How is the space between the abstract and the material inhabited?

问： 建筑非常抽象同时又非常实实在在，这是建筑的两个极端。似乎在那些实体中隐藏着具有长久思考价值的东西，你们可以谈谈居住实体和它们背后的抽象的精神内涵吗？

Thereafter, he produced a set of similar works which set off the Chinese ancient poesies. From these works, we can see Li-lei consciously absorbed the best abstract artistic element from the philosophy of Chinese traditional culture and poetic conception to enrich his poetic abstract art.

其后，他又以类似的形式创作了一组与中国古代诗歌互为映衬的作品，从中可以感受到李磊自觉从中国文化传统的哲理和诗境中提炼出抽象的艺术因子，来丰富自己的诗性抽象艺术语言。

China Engineering and the teaching has yet to fully utilize the power of MATLAB, MATLAB existing books mostly as a computer application tool there, not with the specific disciplines of organic materials combined, MATLAB GUI interface design, will be teaching content according to a certain order of the structure, using simple language, a rich display screen in front of the students. not only improes the students interested in this program, also makes some of the more abstract concepts of the past and the process of teaching students to reflect difficult to understand and master the content, through iid, image of the method explained to the students, so that students more easily understand and grasp. MATLAB and the emergence of soling this problem, MATLAB based on its powerful calculation and graphics functions so as to sole the problem, The system is controlled teaching address the dull, abstract characteristics do.

而我国工科类的教学还未能充分利用MATLAB的强大功能，现有的MATLAB书籍大都作为计算机应用工具书出现，未能与具体学科的教材有机地结合起来，MATLAB中的GUI界面设计，将教学内容按照一定的结构顺序，用简洁的文字、丰富的画面展现在学生面前，不仅提高了学生学习本课程的兴趣，还使得一些比较抽象的概念和过去教学过程中学生反映难以理解和掌握的内容，通过生动、形象的方法向学生阐明，使学生更容易理解和掌握，而MATLAB的出现解决了这一问题，MATLAB基于它强大的计算和绘图功能从而解决了这一问题，本系统就是针对解决控制教学中的枯燥，抽象的特点而做的。

Children asked questions out of curiosity and therefore their inquiry is used to provide suggestion, offer doubts, lead for discussion, and ask for supports. Secondly, in the beginning reading period, children use illustration and give impromptus performance to guess and predict the plot of story. During the discussion period, children respond in six ways. Children ask more questions on the previous problems. The reading texts are used as basis for clarification and rational explanation for unreasonable points. Children's reading experience, their life experience, and self-creative stories are used to provide detailed explanation on contracted and unclear reading texts. Thirdly, children's response on reading can be divided into two types: concrete and abstract. Concrete responses include practical suggestion, illustration imagination, and plot deduction. Abstract responses include discussing characters' feelings, conversing about imagination outside the texts, and exploring and metaphors.

质疑、引导谈话、徵求支持的目的；(2)初次阅读时，儿童会以猜测与预测故事发展、为图画提供说明以及即兴表演的方式进行回应，而阅读讨论阶段则有六种回应方式：针对提出的问题再予延伸发问、以文本内容为澄清问题的根据、为不合理处提出可能的合理的解释、填补缝隙，将文本中较为简略或不够详尽之处，赋予更多细节说明、提供自己的经验以为例证以及改编或自创故事；(3)儿童阅读回应之重心可分具体、抽象二种主题类型，具体的回应主题以实用性建议、图像联想、推理情节为主；抽象概念之回应主题则以探讨角色的情感、漫谈故事之外的联想、探索隐含的寓意为主。

The general writing method is given in accordance with the stipulations of"GB 6447 86 Chinese Standard for Writing Abstract of Paper" and " ISO 214-1976 International Standard for Writing Abstract of Document". The writing tendency of Sci Tech periodical papers, popular in the world, is also presented.

根据我国国标 GB64 47-86《文摘编写规则》和国际标准 ISO 2 14 -1976&Documentation-Abstractfor Publications and Documentation&的有关规定，以及国际上科技期刊论文的写作特点和趋势，提出了译写科技期刊论文英文信息部分的一般方法。

It goes back to what I told you...

现在回到我告诉过你的。。。

With a supporter in Mr Charest and an admirer in Mr Dumont, Mr Harper may be encouraged to call an election himself.

由于在沙雷那边有个支持者，杜蒙那边有个崇拜者，鼓励哈珀为自己举行一次选举。