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In general, this issue belongs to the category of environmental history. While when it comes to some specific issues, trace element in soil is the cut-in point to study the changes of Chinese ancient society. At the present time, such research method hasn\'t been applied in history studies domestic and abroad so far. Therefore, the studies of the paper are only exploratory and immature researches.Three issues are concerned here:lTrace element in soil under geographical environment and the Hun and the Hsienpei\'s levirate.

本文主要探讨地理环境下的土壤微量元素与中国古代社会变迁的关系问题；在总体上，这一专题是属于环境史的范畴；但在具体问题上，则是以地理环境下的土壤微量元素问题做为切入点，来研究中国古代社会变迁问题的；就目前的情况看，这种研究方法在国内外历史学的研究中尚无先例；所以，本文的相关研究只能是带有一些探索性的、不成熟的研究。

The results show that when the depth gradually reduces, pH values gradually increase, but conductivities and (superscript – subscript 3) content gradually reduce. There are also obvious differences between the groundwater in loess, alluvial deposit and acidity rock in the south of Chang'an, which relates to the depth, the characters of loess, the lixiviation and the evaporation. The element content of groundwater is high in the loess tableland, so it's fitter for drinking than the groundwater in the Cuihua mountains, which is of acidity and low element content.

结果表明，长安南部黄土塬随着层位的降低，pH值有逐渐增大趋势，电导率和HCO(上标–下标 3)含量有逐渐减少的趋势；黄土地下水、冲积层地下水和酸性岩石地下水的化学成分存在明显差异，这与其理深、地层性质、溶滤与蒸发作用不同有关；长安南部少陵源黄土地下水元素含量较高，比呈酸性、元素含量低的翠华山泉水更适于饮用。

Under the press of high content of calcium and magnesium in rocks, alkaline karst soil have low available forms of phosphorus and potassium in macroelement, high calcium and magnesium in middle element, enough necessary microelement except available form of boron, and more than 1 mg/kg cadmium of toxic element.

中药材金银花富集钙、镁、磷、钾、铜、锌等元素，对镉吸收低，适宜在岩溶地区种植。马尾松纯林受土壤低有效磷、钾和硼，高有效锌和钙的阻碍以及高镉的轻微毒害为不适宜树种。

III Investigations of ferromagnetic alloy films by XMCD1. By using XMCD and SQUID magnetometry, the spin and orbital moments of Fe and Co in the Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)(50nm) are studied. Compared with single-element film, the spin moment of Co remains constant while that of Fe reduced from 1.98 to 1.63μB. The contributions of different elements in the film is, m_ : m_ - 10.5 : 89.5. The average magnetic moment (1.90μB) determined by XMCD is in agreement with that (1.82μB) obtained from SQUID measurements. Utilizing XMCD spectra in-plane element-dependent magnetic anisotropy in Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1) films has been investigated. Apart from known field-induced easy axis during film growth, a soft axis perpendicular to it was observed, and hard axes are 66° away from the easy axis.

利用XMCD谱研究了50nm Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)薄膜，结果发现：样品中Fe、Co元素对磁化强度的贡献比为10.5∶89.5；由XMCD获得的合金平均原子磁矩1.90μ_B与用SQUID磁强计得到的合金平均原子磁矩1.82μ_B基本相符；对Co_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)薄膜面内元素分辨的磁各向异性的研究发现，除了在生长的磁诱导方向存在易磁化轴外，与该轴垂直的方向还存在一个类似易轴的软磁化轴；面内的两个难磁化轴与易磁化轴取向大约成66°夹角，构成面内双轴磁各向异性，并根据XMCD结果对面内双轴形成的原因进行了分(来源：Ad2BC82论文网www.abclunwen.com)析。2。

The unbalance forces due to the lumped eccentric mass are treated as general forces. Meanwhile, the potential energy expression about gravity based on finite element method is presented for convenience. Based on the variational inequalities principle, the finite element is used to determine the film forces produced by fluid film bearing and damper at any moment and its Jacobian matrix with respect to location and velocity of journal and bearing house.

在第二部分中，主要应用有限元方法及Hamilton原理对所研究系统进行了建模分析，着重对质量偏心问题进行了分析处理，并对此提出了两种处理方法：一、转化为对系统动能的影响；二、将其产生的离心惯性力视为非保守的广义力，并对其表达式进行了推导，同时为分析问题方便，基于有限元离散化方法，推导了重力的势能表达式。

By using Visual Basic, based on NASTRAN finite element analysis, this paper developed an efficient and convenient software which can process automatically the result of NASTRAN analysis and establish the database, and compute the failure probability of structural element and system, plot the contour of failure probability.

在NASTRAN有限元分析结果的基础上，以Windows95为开发平台，以VisualBasic为开发工具，开发了一个效率高，使用方便的结构可靠性分析软件该软件可以自动处理NASTRAN的计算结果，建立数据库，计算结构单元和系统的失效概率，绘制结构失效概率分布云图等，为工程人员在有限元计算的基础上进一步进行可靠性分析提供了一个方便、快捷的工具

Existing literature on the inquiry,collation and analysis,this article had the following major tasks:1st,finite element simulation of the current analytical methods are summarized,and system introduction finite element software ADINA and ANSYS applied in the reinforced concrete built-up section.2nd,system introduction reinforced concrete component material performance as well as reinforced concrete nonlinear analysis main mathematical model. 3rd,the use of ANSYS and ADINA software simply supported beam simulation were compared.4th,uses the ANSYS analysis software,conducted 7 radical center bearing reinforcing steel-side steel pipe concrete short stump simulation test research,the research had indicated the reinforcing steel the existence strengthened the pillar ductility greatly.5th,based on ANSYS,has conducted 2 radical center bearing reinforcing steel-side steel pipe concrete member in bending simulation test research.

通过对现有文献的查询、整理及分析，本文进行了以下主要工作：1、对目前有限元模拟分析方法进行了总结，并系统的介绍了有限元软件ADINA和ANSYS在钢筋混凝土组合结构中应用。2、系统的介绍了钢筋混凝土构件的材料性能以及钢筋混凝土非线性分析的主要数学模型。3、利用ANSYS和ADINA软件对简支梁进行了对比模拟分析。4、利用ANSYS分析软件，进行了7根轴心受压钢骨-方钢管混凝土短柱的模拟试验研究，研究表明钢骨的存在大大加强了柱子的延性。5、利用ANSYS分析软件，进行了2根轴心受压钢骨-方钢管混凝土受弯构件的模拟试验研究。

In the paper, up to 4 power of polynomial solutions of plane elasticity are used to interpolate the element dispacement and the 8-node curve quadrilateral rational finite element RCQ8 is derived. Examples show that, it can avoid shear locking and volume locking, and has high accuracy, high efficiency and good stability.

本文采用最高至4次的平面弹性力学的多项式解对单元位移插值，推出了八节点曲边平面理性元RCQ8，若干算例表明，本单元可以避免剪切自锁和体积自锁，具有很高的精度和效率以及数值稳定性。

Formula. At the same time, the article raised the seismic reduction factor formula for the SSDI system.The paper adopts finite element method based on the ANSYS procedure, and realizes the simulation of soil constitutional relationship through choosing Davidenkov soil model with proper parameters and using restartup method in ANSYS. Then, the procedure makes the soil nonlinearity simulation come true byusing parameter design language of APDL. Element Combin14 is be used to simulate viscoelastic boundary and radiation damping effect. At the same time, it presents integrated damping matrix for considering the coupling of different damping of soil and structure.

文章以ANSYS为计算分析工具和平台，通过对Davidenkov地基模型的研究及其参数的选取，利用ANSYS的重新启动分析方法并采用APDL参数设计语言来编制程序，实现对土体非线性动力本构模型的模拟；同时利用ANSYS中Combin14单元模拟粘弹性边界，以此建立人工边界来模拟辐射阻尼效应；并提出集成阻尼矩阵的方法，解决结构和地基土阻尼不同而导致的阻尼耦合的问题。

In order to determine the solution set of the equation , by the means of meet-irreducible element and irredundant finite meet-decomposition, we first obtain the maximal solutions to the simple equation in the case that b has an irredundant finite meet-decomposition, and then consider the relation between the equation and the equation , based on this, we obtain the maximal solutions to the equation in the case that each element of the matrix B has an irredundant finite meet-decomposition and so determine its solution set completely.

为了确定方程的解集，本文利用交既约元与不可缩短的有限交分解等工具，同样地先求出简单形式的型矩阵方程的所有极大解，然后讨论方程与方程之间的关系，在此基础上，在B的每个元素均有不可缩短的有限交分解的情况下，求出了方程的所有极大解，从而完全确定了方程的解集。

Molecular Distillation is a kind of high vacuum distillation method, which is suitable for the separation of high boiling, heat sensitivity and viscidity products.

分子蒸馏技术是一种在高真空条件下进行的连续蒸馏过程，适合于分离高沸点、热敏性及具有生物活性的混合物。

They are to the Noughties what yuppies were to the Eighties .

那在六十年代是时髦的，但在八十年代肯定是过时了