物种学

基本解释 (translations)

speciology

与物种学相关的网络例句 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

The phylogenetic analyses also support that Rhinopithecus is a independent genus, and that the Sichuan and Yunnan snub-nosed monkey are valid species respectively.

根据限制性位点所进行的系统学分析也支持金丝猴为独立属，川、滇金丝猴为均为有效物种的观点；但由于信息位点较少，该法与线粒体DNA测序相比，恐怕还不是一条十分理想的系统学研究途径。

The recent studies on comparative genomics have further suggested that a third round of fish-specific genome duplication in ray-finned fishes might have occurred at about 350 million years ago, during the divergence between teleost fish and basal actinopterygian lineages. Therefore, FSGD might be related to the increase in species number and biological diversity during this time.

近期的系统基因组学研究资料进一步提出，在大约350百万年，辐鳍鱼还发生了第三次基因组复制，即鱼类特异的基因组复制(fish-specific genome duplication， FSGD)，且发生的时间正处在"物种极度丰富"的硬骨鱼谱系和"物种贫乏"的谱系出现分歧的时间点，表明FSGD与硬骨鱼物种和生物多样性的增加有关。

The recent studies on comparative genomics have further suggested that a third round of fish-specific genome duplication in ray-finned fishes might have occurred at about 350 million years ago, during the divergence between teleost fish and basal actinopterygian lineages. Therefore, FSGD might be related to the increase in species number and biological diversity during this time.

近期的系统基因组学研究资料进一步提出，在大约350百万年，辐鳍鱼还发生了第三次基因组复制，即鱼类特异的基因组复制(fish-specific genome duplication， FSGD)，且发生的时间正处在&物种极度丰富&的硬骨鱼谱系和&物种贫乏&的谱系出现分歧的时间点，表明FSGD与硬骨鱼物种和生物多样性的增加有关。

The concrete work include: First, we consult a lot of herbarium specimen from PE, NAS, IFP and XJA etc.; Second, we collect more than 100 species of Brassicaceae from Xinjiang, Jilin and Shandong; Third, we study the phylogeny of Brassicaceae from China to approach some divergence on the tribe, genera and species of Brassicaceae using many ways including morphology, micromorphology and molecular systematics, furthermore, estimate the significance of every index.

2确定了两种模式植物-拟南芥与盐芥的系统学位置和系统学关系，认为两者分别归于拟南芥属和盐芥属，其亲缘关系较远，拟南芥属靠近须弥芥属、荠属、亚麻荠属、旗杆芥属、无苞芥属、糖芥属以及垂果南芥等，而盐芥属靠近山嵛菜属和沟子荠属，对于它们的深入认识，为两种模式植物在进化领域研究物种抗逆适应与趋异分化提供了一个不可多得的比较模式系统，以及更多可供比较的物种，具有重要的应用价值。

The Calypso ichthyologic database has been designed to facilitate the international identification of all recorded fish species throughout the world using a unique Species Number for each recorded species which can then be used in all current and all future publications and reference works.

卡吕普索鱼类学数据库的设计促进了国际上所有有记录鱼类物种的确认。该数据库对每一物种运用独一无二的&物种编号&以使其可以运用于现在或将来的出版物和参考工作中。

The comparative study on vegetation background survey of the stationsand the comparison on level of phytocoenology on zonal habitats indicates thatthe diminishment of the numbers of families,genus and species,compositionof life types,diversity of communities and habitats,;and the increscence in theproportion of photosynthesis functional groups of C3/C4 plant,richness ofspecies,density of tussock and tiller,diversity of species,evenness,leaf areaindex,leaf area duration,dry matter production of communities alongside thelatitude increasing and the temperature decreasing;and the dynamic curve ofthe community productivity also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature going up and the heat accumulation gradually in moderate-temperate steppe station from violent fluctuation along with seasonal badly-distribution of precipitation in warm-temperature steppe station;manifestingthat transformable tendency of productivity pattern of the community from morevigorous net assimilation,sparser and higher crops stricture of tussock and tiller,and possession on more resources by less species inclined to thicker in densityof crops,superior effectiveness of multi-leaves and pattern of multi-speciesresource sharing,reflecting that bigger disparity of the vegetationcharacteristics and the style of the community growth in the two differentthermal-type steppe stations owing to background of natural-historicenvironment and combination of water and heat.

内蒙古草原区两个不同热量型研究站点植被本底调查和显域地境群落学水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，植物科、属、种的数目，生活型组成，群落类型和生境类型的多样性均趋于减少，而C3/C4光合功能群比值和群落的物种丰富度，株丛密度，物种多样性，群落均匀度，叶面积指数，叶面积持续时间和群落干物质生产能力均趋于增加，群落生产力动态曲线从随天然降水的季节分布不均而剧烈波动趋向于随气温逐渐升高和热量逐步积累而稳定增长，显示出两站点植物群落从较为旺盛的群体净同化作用、较为稀疏高大的群体结构和少数物种占有较多群落资源的生产力格局向较高的群体密度、优良的多叶性能和多物种资源共享的群落生产力格局转变，反映出在内蒙古草原区不同的自然历史环境背景和不同的温度条件及其水热组合状况影响下，两个不同热量型草原站点植被性质的分异特征和显域地境群落生长模式的较大差别。

In this study, the genomic structure and regulatory elements of ApoD from 10 representive species including protozoan, invertebrate, protochordate and vertebrate were analyzed and compared. The genomic structure of ApoD is less conserved in organisms from protostome to deuterostome invertebrates, while it is highly conserved among chordates including amphioxus and verebrates. All four conserved cysteine residues are present in amino acid sequence of deuterostome ApoDs, while there are only two cysteine residues in amino acid sequence of protostomes ApoD. Structure divergence between protostome and deuterostome ApoD proteins suggests their function difference. The majority of regulatory elements are present in nearly all organism ApoD genes ranging from unicellular protozoan to mammals, suggesting that ApoD plays a very fundamental role, and possesses a conserved regulatory mechanism. However, there also exist some specific regulatory elements, which are present only in certain species and may perform some special roles.ApoD mRNA expression in murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts exposed to various stresses such as as hydrogen peroxide and UV light shows dose-dependent increase. And a fly homolog of ApoD, Glial Lazarillo, whose overexpression results in increased resistance to hyperoxia as well as a extension of lifespan under normoxia and resistance to starvation without altering lipid or protein content.

本文首先从生物信息学角度对分属于原生动物、无脊椎动物、头索动物和脊椎动物类群的10种动物ApoD的基因结构及调控区的调控元件进行分析及比较，发现：(1)ApoD基因外显子-内含子结构从原生动物草履虫到原口动物再到后口动物海胆的进化过程中不保守，但在分析的几种脊椎动物中相当保守；(2)文昌鱼ApoD基因扮演从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物承上启下的角色，可能代表了脊椎动物ApoD基因原型；(3)四个半胱氨酸保守位点在后口动物中都存在，而在原口动物中只存在两个，原口、后口动物ApoD蛋白一级结构上的差异反映蛋白功能上可能也存在一定差别；(4)调控区大多数主要调控元件为不同动物共有，说明ApoD主要功能及其表达调控在进化中相当保守；(5)ApoD基因个别调控元件是随着物种进化而出现并开始发挥相关作用，如SF-1；还有一些调控元件在进化过程中还没有发现其规律，这说明ApoD某些功能和基因表达调控模式可能因物种不同而存在一定的差异。

To discuss phylogenesis of avian and to solute puzzle of taxology through avian acoustics,which integrate with morphologic,ecology,behavior and molecular biology and so on,is the primary trend of modern studies of avian vocalizations.

鸟声学与形态学、行为学、生态学、分子生物学等多学科相结合，探讨鸟类物种独立性、系统发育及帮助解决其它学科解决分类疑难是现代鸟声学应用于系统发育研究的主要趋势。

In this project we use microscopic and submicroscopic technology to research the sperm morphology and its ultrastructure of Leptobrachiinae, discuss the characters and taxonomics of spermatozoa and its utilization on the taxology, relatedness, phylogeny of Leptobrachiinae. this study will provide the new cues for the presented problems about the taxology and phylogeny in this field. Likewise,ultrastrucure of sperm are also disscussed.

本项目采用显微和亚显微技术，对拟髭蟾亚科各属代表种精子的形态结构进行系统地研究，分析各属物种精子的形态结构特征，比较它们的异同，探讨该亚科精子的分类；探讨精子形态分类与该亚科物种的分类和系统进化的关系，为解决一些分类和进化问题提供精子学证据；并对重要种类精子的超微结构进行研究。

"In human infection with BSE prions, species-barrier effects, which are characteristic of cross-species transmission, would be expected to further increase the mean and range of incubation periods, compared with recycling of prions within species," as was the case in kuru, the authors write.

人类感染BSE传染性蛋白质时，因为物种屏障效果的关系，会比单一物种间的感染增加潜伏期之平均期间；就如同kuru病案例一般；作者们指出，这些数据可以提供资讯给建立vCJD流行病学模式之用。

与物种学相关的网络解释 [注：此内容来源于网络，仅供参考]

biosystematics：生物系统学

分类学(Taxonomy)常被系统学替代,生物系统学(Biosystematics)是关于生物物种多样性及物种间相互关系的科学. 研究物种多样性,就是要研究有什么物种,有多少物种,它们在自然界起什么作用,分布在什么地方. 研究物种间的相互关系,

kind of：种类

由于"种类"(kind of)这词不够精确因而需要有"物种"这个概念. 相对于较高和较低阶元等级的类群来划分物种分类单位是一个定界问题. 因此在属之中分辨出真正的生物(学)种是相对于包罗更广的类群的定界问题. 但是每个生物学种含有很多一同型种(phena,

theory of pangenesis：泛生学

theory of organic of species 物种起源学说 | theory of pangenesis 泛生学 | theory of perception 知觉论

phylogeny：系统发生学

研究一个物种的演化历史以及他与其它物种间的关系的学科叫做系统发生学(phylogeny). 研究生物演化史的方法很多,例如现在使用分析生物高聚物例如DNA序列和蛋白质序列的方法,以及在通过与古生物学化石的比较进行研究.

protista：原生动物

曾经发现、描述并命名了数以千计的新物种,绘制了包括当时所有生命形式的演化树;创造过几个在生物学上应用广泛的单词,包括门(Phylum)、种系发生学(phylogeny)、生态学(ecology)和原生动物(Protista)等.

speciosity：徒有其表

speciology 物种学 | speciosity 徒有其表 | specious 徒有其表的

monotypic species：单型种

未有亚种分化的种称为单型种(monotypic species);反之则为多型种 (polytypic species). 5.亚种的依据:现代亚种的分类是在本世纪30年代、随著 "新系统学" 的兴起及居群 观点的确立而发展起来的. 亚种的存在意义主要是把种内之居群分化 与物种分化结合起来,

speciology：物种学

specimen 范例 | speciology 物种学 | speciosity 徒有其表

Races：种族

吉尔斯和汤普森从两个方面证明全球性的确凿存在,一是系谱学和基因科学已经证实我们在物种上的统一性和以"种族"(races)或"民族"(nations)来划分人类的可疑性;二是我们完整、共同和独一无二的居所实际上不存在隔阂,